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[186] [187] By the age of 50 more than 80% of American women will have contracted at least one strain of genital HPV. [ 185 ] [ 188 ] It was estimated that, in the year 2000, there were approximately 6.2 million new HPV infections among Americans aged 15–44; of these, an estimated 74% occurred to people between ages of 15 and 24. [ 189 ]
Women ages 30 to 65 can be screened either every three years with a Pap smear or every five years with an HPV test or combination of the two tests. HPV tests can detect genetic material from the ...
In England, the NHS cervical screening programme is available to women aged 25 to 64; women aged 25 to 49 receive an invitation every 3 years and women aged 50 to 64 receive an invitation every 5 years to undergo HPV testing. [15] [16] If there is a positive HPV test result, then patients undergo further cytology (Pap smear). [15]
[22]: 668 The vaccines are between 92% and 100% effective against HPV 16 and 18 up to at least 8 years. [50] HPV vaccines are typically given to age 9 to 26, as the vaccine is most effective if given before infection occurs. The primary target group in most of the countries recommending HPV vaccination is young adolescent girls, aged 9-14. [16]
Human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated oropharyngeal cancer awareness and prevention is a vital concept from a public and community health perspective. HPV is the sexually transmitted virus that is known to be the cause of genital warts. There are currently more than 100 different strains of HPV, half of which can cause genital infections. [1]
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HPV vaccines, developed in the early 21st century, reduce the risk of developing cervical cancer by preventing infections from the main cancer-causing strains of HPV. [ 2 ] The conduit of the cervix is the organ that allows for blood to flow from a woman's uterus and out through her vagina at menstruation , which occurs in the absence of pregnancy.
In an observation of 348 women diagnosed with cervical cancer, almost 60 per cent tested positive for HPV type 16 and 18 which is a causative factor of cervical cancer. The increasing mortality among women with cervical cancer in Ghana suggests 26 in 100,000 Ghanaian women compared to women in most developed countries.