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The Cartwheel Galaxy (also known as ESO 350-40 or PGC 2248) is a lenticular ring galaxy about 500 million light-years away in the constellation Sculptor. [1] It has a D 25 isophotal diameter of 44.23 kiloparsecs (144,300 light-years), and a mass of about 2.9–4.8 × 10 9 solar masses ; its outer ring has a circular velocity of 217 km/s .
The conclusion was that Andromeda is moving southeast in the sky at less than 0.1 milliarc-seconds per year, corresponding to a speed relative to the Sun of less than 200 km/s towards the south and towards the east. Taking also into account the Sun's motion, Andromeda's tangential or sideways velocity with respect to the Milky Way was found to ...
The spiral galaxy NGC 4622 lies approximately 111 million light-years away from Earth in the constellation Centaurus. NGC 4622 is an example of a galaxy with leading spiral arms. [2] Each spiral arm winds away from the center of the galaxy and ends at an outermost tip that "points" in a certain direction (away from the arm).
Measurements with the Hubble Space Telescope in 2006 suggest the Magellanic Clouds may be moving too fast to be orbiting the Milky Way. [3] Of the galaxies confirmed to be in orbit, the largest is the Sagittarius Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy , which has a diameter of 2.6 kiloparsecs (8,500 ly) [ 4 ] or roughly a twentieth that of the Milky Way.
NGC 4555 is a solitary elliptical galaxy about 40,000 parsecs (125,000 light-years) across, and about 310 million light-years distant.Observations by the Chandra X-ray Observatory have shown it to be surrounded by a halo of hot gas about 120,000 parsecs across.
The Local Group — the galaxy group that includes our own Milky Way galaxy — appears to be moving at 620 ± 15 km/s in the direction of galactic longitude ℓ = 271.9° ± 2°, b = 30° ± 3°. [89] The dipole is now used to calibrate mapping studies.
The Sombrero Galaxy (also known as Messier Object 104, M104 [4] or NGC 4594) is a peculiar galaxy of unclear classification [5] in the constellation borders of Virgo and Corvus, being about 9.55 megaparsecs (31.1 million light-years) [2] from the Milky Way galaxy.
Through a series of peculiar velocity tests, astrophysicists found that the Milky Way was moving in the direction of the constellation of Centaurus at about 600 km/s. [citation needed] Then, the discovery of cosmic microwave background (CMB) dipoles was used to reflect the motion of the Local Group of galaxies towards the Great Attractor. [5]