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The US National Osteoporosis Foundation recommends pharmacologic treatment for patients with hip or spine fracture thought to be related to osteoporosis, those with BMD 2.5 SD or more below the young normal mean (T-score -2.5 or below), and those with BMD between 1 and 2.5 SD below normal mean whose 10-year risk, using FRAX, for hip fracture is ...
The International Osteoporosis Foundation and the European Calcified Tissue Society recommend pharmacological therapy for osteoporosis in postmenopausal women and men ≥70 years, with a previous fragility fracture, or a dose equivalent of prednisone ≥7.5 mg daily for ≥3 months. For premenopausal women and men <50 years taking steroids for ...
Though secondary osteoporosis is a separate category when it comes to osteoporosis diagnosis, it can still be a contributing factor to primary osteoporosis. Secondary osteoporosis can be present in pre- and post-menopausal women and in men and have found to be factors contributing to osteoporosis in both sexes (50-80% of men and 30% of post ...
Some clinicians choose rheumatoid arthritis as an equivalent risk factor instead. [5] FRAX was developed and most commonly used to assess fracture risk for previously untreated individuals, though some have suggested it can also be used in those treated in the past or even on current treatment for osteoporosis. [6]
A pathologic fracture is a bone fracture caused by weakness of the bone structure that leads to decrease mechanical resistance to normal mechanical loads. [1] This process is most commonly due to osteoporosis, but may also be due to other pathologies such as cancer, infection (such as osteomyelitis), inherited bone disorders, or a bone cyst.
Risk factors include bone fractures, joint dislocations, alcoholism, and the use of high-dose steroids. [1] The condition may also occur without any clear reason. [1] The most commonly affected bone is the femur (thigh bone). [1] Other relatively common sites include the upper arm bone, knee, shoulder, and ankle. [1]
A bone fracture may be the result of high force impact or stress, or a minimal trauma injury as a result of certain medical conditions that weaken the bones, such as osteoporosis, osteopenia, bone cancer, or osteogenesis imperfecta, where the fracture is then properly termed a pathologic fracture. [3]
Osteopenia, known as "low bone mass" or "low bone density", is a condition in which bone mineral density is low. [1] Because their bones are weaker, people with osteopenia may have a higher risk of fractures, and some people may go on to develop osteoporosis. [2]