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In the fundamental branches of modern physics, namely general relativity and its widely applicable subset special relativity, as well as relativistic quantum mechanics and relativistic quantum field theory, the Lorentz transformation is the transformation rule under which all four-vectors and tensors containing physical quantities transform from one frame of reference to another.
The most general proper Lorentz transformation Λ(v, θ) includes a boost and rotation together, and is a nonsymmetric matrix. As special cases, Λ(0, θ) = R(θ) and Λ(v, 0) = B(v). An explicit form of the general Lorentz transformation is cumbersome to write down and will not be given here.
Given two inertial or rotated frames of reference, a four-vector is defined as a quantity which transforms according to the Lorentz transformation matrix Λ: ′ =. In index notation, the contravariant and covariant components transform according to, respectively: ′ =, ′ = in which the matrix Λ has components Λ μ ν in row μ and column ν, and the matrix (Λ −1) T has components Λ ...
Parabolic Lorentz transformations are often called null rotations. Since these are likely to be the least familiar of the four types of nonidentity Lorentz transformations (elliptic, hyperbolic, loxodromic, parabolic), it is illustrated here how to determine the effect of an example of a parabolic Lorentz transformation on Minkowski spacetime.
3.3 As a way to define the Lorentz transformations 3.4 As part of the total proper time derivative 3.5 As a way to define the Faraday electromagnetic tensor and derive the Maxwell equations
In order to find out the transformation of three-acceleration, one has to differentiate the spatial coordinates and ′ of the Lorentz transformation with respect to and ′, from which the transformation of three-velocity (also called velocity-addition formula) between and ′ follows, and eventually by another differentiation with respect to and ′ the transformation of three-acceleration ...
The covariant formulation of classical electromagnetism refers to ways of writing the laws of classical electromagnetism (in particular, Maxwell's equations and the Lorentz force) in a form that is manifestly invariant under Lorentz transformations, in the formalism of special relativity using rectilinear inertial coordinate systems.
Lorentz transformations can be parametrized by rapidity φ for a boost in the direction of a three-dimensional unit vector ^ = (,,), and a rotation angle θ about a three-dimensional unit vector ^ = (,,) defining an axis, so ^ = (,,) and ^ = (,,) are together six parameters of the Lorentz group (three for rotations and three for boosts). The ...