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Ordered to Die: A History of the Ottoman Army in the First World War. Westport, CT: Greenwood. Fromkin, David (2009). A Peace to End All Peace: The Fall of the Ottoman Empire and the Creation of the Modern Middle East. Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-8050-8809-0. Finkel, Caroline (2007). Osman's Dream: The History of the Ottoman Empire. Basic Books.
The Great Powers and the End of the Ottoman Empire. Routledge. ISBN 0714641545. Macfie, A. L. The End of the Ottoman Empire, 1908-1923 (1998). Massie, Robert (2004). Castles of Steel: Britain, Germany and the winning of the Great War. Random House. ISBN 0-224-04092-8. Nicolle, David (2008). The Ottomans: Empire of Faith. Thalamus Publishing.
Russia declares war on the Ottoman Empire. Naval: Battle of Coronel. Von Spee's German cruiser squadron defeats a Royal Navy squadron under Christopher Cradock off Chile. [36] November 2 Naval, Atlantic: The United Kingdom begins the naval blockade of Germany. Politics: Serbia declares war on the Ottoman Empire. [24] November 2–21
The German–Ottoman alliance was ratified by the German Empire and the Ottoman Empire on August 2, 1914, shortly after the outbreak of World War I. It was created as part of a joint effort to strengthen and modernize the weak Ottoman military and to provide Germany with safe passage into the neighbouring British colonies.
The Eastern Front or Eastern Theater, of World War I, [c] was a theater of operations that encompassed at its greatest extent the entire frontier between Russia and Romania on one side and Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, the Ottoman Empire, and Germany on the other.
News of Germany's impending military defeat spread throughout the German armed forces. The threat of mutiny was rife. Admiral Reinhard Scheer and Ludendorff decided to launch a last attempt to restore the "valour" of the German Navy. [citation needed] In northern Germany, the German Revolution of 1918–1919 began at the end of October 1918 ...
The Ottoman Empire in 1914 had a population of about 25 million including 14 million Turks and large numbers of Arabs, Armenians, Greeks, and other minorities. Known as "Sick man of Europe", by 1914, the once mighty Ottoman Empire had fallen far behind the West both economically and militarily. In the two decades proceeding, the Ottomans ...
Covers France, UK, USA, Russia, Italy, Germany, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire, and the Netherlands; Burchardt, Lothar. "The Impact of the War Economy on the Civilian Population of Germany during the First and the Second World Wars," in The German Military in the Age of Total War, edited by Wilhelm Deist, 40–70. Leamington Spa: Berg, 1985.