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Common side effects include diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and an increased risk of sunburn. [1] Use during pregnancy is not recommended. [1] Like other agents of the tetracycline class, it either slows or kills bacteria by inhibiting protein production. [1] [4] It kills malaria by targeting a plastid organelle, the apicoplast. [5] [6]
Micrograph of fatty liver, as may be seen due to long-term prednisone use. Trichrome stain.. Short-term side effects, as with all glucocorticoids, include high blood glucose levels (especially in patients with diabetes mellitus or on other medications that increase blood glucose, such as tacrolimus) and mineralocorticoid effects such as fluid retention. [24]
Adverse effects to monobactams can include skin rash and occasional abnormal liver functions. [citation needed]Monobactam antibiotics exhibit no IgE cross-reactivity reactions with penicillin but have shown some cross reactivity with cephalosporins, most notably ceftazidime, which contains an identical side chain as aztreonam. [8]
[5] Dicloxacillin is similar in pharmacokinetics , antibacterial activity, and indications to flucloxacillin, and the two agents are considered interchangeable. [ 6 ] It is believed to have lower incidence of severe hepatic adverse effects than flucloxacillin, but a higher incidence of renal adverse effects.
Vestibular side effects are much more common in women than in men, occurring in 50 to 70% of women receiving minocycline. As a result of the frequency of this bothersome side effect, minocycline is rarely used in female patients. [43] Minocycline's vestibular side effects typically resolve after discontinuation of the drug. [44] [45] [46] [47]
It is used as a precursor in the industrial synthesis of doxycycline hyclate. [citation needed] It has been found to act as an agonist of the human pregnane X receptor ligand-binding domain and to induce CYP3A4 expression in vitro. [1]
Cefadroxil is a first-generation cephalosporin antibacterial drug that is the para-hydroxy derivative of cephalexin, and is used similarly in the treatment of mild to moderate susceptible infections such as the bacterium Streptococcus pyogenes, causing the disease popularly called strep throat or streptococcal tonsillitis, urinary tract infection, reproductive tract infection, and skin infections.
Cefuroxime is generally well tolerated, and its side effects are usually transient. If ingested after food, this antibiotic is both better absorbed and less likely to cause its most common side effects of diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, headaches/migraines, dizziness, and abdominal pain compared to most antibiotics in its class. [medical citation ...