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Hirakud Dam is built across the Mahanadi River, about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) from Sambalpur in the state of Odisha in India. It is the longest earthen dam in the world. Behind the dam extends a 55 km (34 mi) long lake, Hirakud Reservoir .
Mahanadi is also known for the Hirakud Dam [1] which was the first major multipurpose river valley project after India's independence in 1947. The river flows through the states of Chhattisgarh and Odisha , before finally ending in the Bay of Bengal .
The Hirakud Dam lies upstream of Sambalpur. Budharaja is a small reserve forest located within the city. Sambalpur experiences an extreme type of climate with hot and dry summers followed by humid monsoons and cold winters.
The history of Sambalpur, as depicted by eminent historians, is full of events including Indian freedom struggle representing the different sections of society. Since Sambalpur is one of the ancient district of India, which survived even in the prehistoric age, much of the historical records about the origin and the existence of Sambalpur in the political scenario of Odisha are still in obscurity.
The sanctuary is bound on the east and north by the huge Hirakud reservoir. It is one of the select few sanctuaries in the state supporting both terrestrial and aquatic biodiversity; which further attracts a significant number of migratory waterfowl during winter; and is also home to over 250 plant species, many of which have ethno-botanical and medicinal value.
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The Hirakud Dam, as well as others, was built by the government primarily to decrease the damage by flooding in Coastal Odisha and to facilitate irrigation in the Kosal region. As most of the dams were built in Western Odisha , many villages were displaced.
To the west of the Sanctuary lies Hirakud Dam. [4] The sanctuary consist of principally dry deciduous forest with floral species like sal, sandalwood, arjun, neem, acacia, casuarinas. The fauna includes, amongst others, tigers, elephants, sambar leopards and bison. Presently there are about 15 tigers and 35 elephants in the sanctuary. [5]