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The value of a function, given the value(s) assigned to its argument(s), is the quantity assumed by the function for these argument values. [1] [2] For example, if the function f is defined by f (x) = 2 x 2 – 3 x + 1, then assigning the value 3 to its argument x yields the function value 10, since f (3) = 2·3 2 – 3·3 + 1 = 10.
The hypergeometric function is an example of a four-argument function. The number of arguments that a function takes is called the arity of the function. A function that takes a single argument as input, such as () =, is called a unary function. A function of two or more variables is considered to have a domain consisting of ordered pairs or ...
A complex-valued function of a real variable may be defined by relaxing, in the definition of the real-valued functions, the restriction of the codomain to the real numbers, and allowing complex values. If f(x) is such a complex valued function, it may be decomposed as f(x) = g(x) + ih(x), where g and h are real-valued functions. In other words ...
The image of a function f(x 1, x 2, …, x n) is the set of all values of f when the n-tuple (x 1, x 2, …, x n) runs in the whole domain of f. For a continuous (see below for a definition) real-valued function which has a connected domain, the image is either an interval or a single value. In the latter case, the function is a constant function.
In mathematics, a multivalued function, [1] multiple-valued function, [2] many-valued function, [3] or multifunction, [4] is a function that has two or more values in its range for at least one point in its domain. [5] It is a set-valued function with additional properties depending on context; some authors do not distinguish between set-valued ...
Indicator function: maps x to either 1 or 0, depending on whether or not x belongs to some subset. Step function: A finite linear combination of indicator functions of half-open intervals. Heaviside step function: 0 for negative arguments and 1 for positive arguments. The integral of the Dirac delta function. Sawtooth wave; Square wave ...
This diagram represents a multi-valued, but not a proper (single-valued) function, because the element 3 in X is associated with two elements, b and c, in Y. A set-valued function, also called a correspondence or set-valued relation, is a mathematical function that maps elements from one set, the domain of the function, to subsets of another set.
Thus one antiderivative, which takes the value zero for x = 1, is a differentiable function called the natural logarithm. A real function f is monotonic in an interval if the sign of () does not depend of the choice of x and y in the interval. If the function is differentiable in the interval, it is monotonic if the sign of the derivative is ...