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Simulating the behaviour of error-correcting codes (ECCs) in software is a common practice to design, validate and improve ECCs. The upcoming wireless 5G standard raises a new range of applications for the software ECCs: the Cloud Radio Access Networks (C-RAN) in a Software-defined radio (SDR) context. The idea is to directly use software ECCs ...
Reliably sending a payload of data over a communications network requires sending more than just the payload itself. It also involves sending various control and signalling data required to reach the destination. This creates a so-called protocol overhead as the additional data does not contribute to the intrinsic meaning of the message. [5] [6]
High-Level Data Link Control (HDLC) is a communication protocol used for transmitting data between devices in telecommunication and networking.Developed by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), it is defined in the standard ISO/IEC 13239:2002.
The software supporting protocols has a layered organization and its relationship with protocol layering is shown in figure 5. To send a message on system A, the top-layer software module interacts with the module directly below it and hands over the message to be encapsulated.
Thus, encoding/decoding is the translation needed for a message to be easily understood. When you decode a message, you extract the meaning of that message in ways to simplify it. Decoding has both verbal and non-verbal forms of communication: Decoding behavior without using words, such as displays of non-verbal communication.
yEnc is a binary-to-text encoding scheme for transferring binary files in messages on Usenet or via e-mail.It reduces the overhead over previous US-ASCII-based encoding methods by using an 8-bit encoding method. yEnc's overhead is often (if each byte value appears approximately with the same frequency on average) as little as 1–2%, [1] compared to 33–40% overhead for 6-bit encoding methods ...
NORM_CMD messages, defined in RFC 5740 Section 4.2.3, are used to manage NORM sessions. [15] These messages serve to collect round-trip timing, gather and send data related to congestion control, synchronize repair windows, and make notifications of a sender's status.
Usually, the data is represented at the application level as a common infoset (e.g. XML, JSON, YAML) and requires a mechanism of data binding (using e.g. a common encoding scheme like XSD). The wire protocol may be either text-based or a binary protocol. Although an important architectural decision, this is a separate matter from the ...