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Linear marginal revenue (MR) and average revenue (AR) curves for a firm that is not in perfect competition. Marginal revenue (or marginal benefit) is a central concept in microeconomics that describes the additional total revenue generated by increasing product sales by 1 unit.
This is a model of the neoclassical economics type. The marginal revenue product ( M R P {\displaystyle MRP} ) of a worker is equal to the product of the marginal product of labour ( M P {\displaystyle MP} ) (the increment to output from an increment to labor used) and the marginal revenue ( M R {\displaystyle MR} ) (the increment to sales ...
The optimal quantity of output for the perfect competitor is where marginal cost (MC) equals marginal revenue (MR). In the case depicted, since at this quantity of output average revenue (AR) exceeds average variable cost (not shown, but below average total cost (ATC)), the firm in this situation does not shut down.
Only in the short run can a firm in a perfectly competitive market make an economic profit. Economic profit does not occur in perfect competition in long run equilibrium; if it did, there would be an incentive for new firms to enter the industry, aided by a lack of barriers to entry until there was no longer any economic profit. [11]
The company still produces where marginal cost and marginal revenue are equal; however, the demand curve (MR and AR) has shifted as other companies entered the market and increased competition. The company no longer sells its goods above average cost and can no longer claim an economic profit.
In the real world, it is not easy to achieve profit maximization. The company must accurately know the marginal income and the marginal cost of the last commodity sold because of MR. The price elasticity of demand for goods depends on the response of other companies. When it is the only company raising prices, demand will be elastic.
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Monopoly firm maximises where MR = MC, but sets P > MC Imperfect competition is inherent in capitalist economies. Firms are incentivised by profit, and hence undertake competitive strategies which reap the greatest revenue, by setting P > MC, at the cost of macroeconomic market efficiency. [ 6 ]