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The succinate dehydrogenase complex showing several cofactors, including flavin, iron–sulfur centers, and heme.. A cofactor is a non-protein chemical compound or metallic ion that is required for an enzyme's role as a catalyst (a catalyst is a substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction).
Coenzyme Q - cytochrome c reductase EC 1.10.2.2; ... Function: An enzyme that is produced by animals that forms part of the innate immune system and is abundant in ...
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (coenzyme-F420) (EC 1.1.98.2, coenzyme F420-dependent glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, F420-dependent glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, FGD1, Rv0407, F420-dependent glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase 1) is an enzyme with systematic name D-glucose-6-phosphate:F420 1-oxidoreductase.
[1] [2] Transmembrane oxidoreductases create electron transport chains in bacteria, chloroplasts and mitochondria, including respiratory complexes I, II and III. Some others can associate with biological membranes as peripheral membrane proteins or be anchored to the membranes through a single transmembrane helix .
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) is a coenzyme central to metabolism. [3] Found in all living cells, NAD is called a dinucleotide because it consists of two nucleotides joined through their phosphate groups.
D-fructose 1,6-bisphosphate + H 2 O = D-fructose 6-phosphate + phosphate Phosphofructokinase (EC 2.7.1.11) catalyses the reverse conversion of fructose 6-phosphate to fructose-1,6-bisphosphate, but this is not just the reverse reaction, because the co-substrates are different (and so thermodynamic requirements are not violated).
The CitF family catalyzes reactions involving acetyl-CoA and citrate EC 2.8.3.10), but its main role is as an acyl-ACP transferase (as part of citrate lyase; EC 4.1.3.6). The MdcA family catalyzes reactions involving acetyl-CoA and malonate (EC 2.8.3.3), but it too is an acyl-ACP transferase (as part of malonate decarboxylase; EC 4.1.1.9).
NAD + (or NADP +) is a cofactor for the glutamate dehydrogenase reaction, producing α-ketoglutarate and ammonium as a byproduct. [4] [8]Based on which cofactor is used, glutamate dehydrogenase enzymes are divided into the following three classes: [citation needed]