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A capacitance multiplier is designed to make a capacitor function like a much larger capacitor. This can be achieved in at least two ways. An active circuit, using a device such as a transistor or operational amplifier; A passive circuit, using autotransformers. These are typically used for calibration standards.
Select capacitor C 2, replace it by a test voltage V X, and replace C 1 by an open circuit. Then the resistance seen by the test voltage is found using the circuit in the middle panel of Figure 1 and is simply V X / I X = R 1 + R 2. Form the product C 2 ( R 1 + R 2). Select capacitor C 1, replace it by a test voltage V X, and replace C 2 by an open
Mixed-mode simulation is handled on three levels: with primitive digital elements that use timing models and the built-in 12 or 16 state digital logic simulator, with subcircuit models that use the actual transistor topology of the integrated circuit, and finally, with inline Boolean logic expressions.
Digital circuit responses are often used to populate databases for signal delay and loading calculation such as: timing analysis; power analysis; circuit simulation; and signal integrity analysis. Analog circuits are often run in detailed test benches to indicate if the extra extracted parasitics will still allow the designed circuit to function.
Since capacitors differ in their high-frequency characteristics, decoupling ideally involves the use of a combination of capacitors. For example in logic circuits, a common arrangement is ~100 nF ceramic per logic IC (multiple ones for complex ICs), combined with electrolytic or tantalum capacitor(s) up to a few hundred μF per board or board ...
It is applicable to electronic circuits in which the AC signals (i.e., the time-varying currents and voltages in the circuit) are small relative to the DC bias currents and voltages. A small-signal model is an AC equivalent circuit in which the nonlinear circuit elements are replaced by linear elements whose values are given by the first-order ...
The simplest switched-capacitor (SC) circuit is made of one capacitor and two switches S 1 and S 2 which alternatively connect the capacitor to either in or out at a switching frequency of . Recall that Ohm's law can express the relationship between voltage, current, and resistance as:
Cider [7] adds a numerical device simulator to ngspice. It couples the circuit-level simulator to the device simulator to provide enhanced simulation accuracy (at the expense of increased simulation time). Critical devices can be described with their technology parameters (numerical models), all others may use the original ngspice compact models.