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The Meiji Restoration (Japanese: 明治維新, romanized: Meiji Ishin), referred to at the time as the Honorable Restoration (御維新, Goishin), and also known as the Meiji Renovation, Revolution, Regeneration, Reform, or Renewal, was a political event that restored practical imperial rule to Japan in 1868 under Emperor Meiji.
Takasugi Shinsaku (高杉 晋作, 27 September 1839 – 17 May 1867) was a samurai from the Chōshū Domain of Japan who contributed significantly to the Meiji Restoration. He used several aliases to hide his activities from the Tokugawa shogunate .
[1] February 3 (Keiō 2, 29th day of the 12th month) – Musuhito ascended to the throne as Emperor Meiji. [2] November 10 (Keiō 3, 15th day of the 10th month) – An Imperial edict was issued sanctioning the restoration of Imperial government. November 19 – Shōgun Tokugawa Yoshinobu resigns the shogunate.
The secret imperial rescript to overthrow the shogunate (討幕の密勅, tōbaku no mitchoku) was a Japanese court document issued to the daimyō of the Satsuma and Chōshū Domains in November 1867 in the build-up to the Meiji Restoration of January 1868. [3] [4] [note 1] [note 2]
The following year, Perry returned with seven ships and forced the shōgun to sign the "Treaty of Peace and Amity", establishing formal diplomatic relations between Japan and the United States, known as the Convention of Kanagawa (March 31, 1854). Within five years Japan had signed similar treaties with other western countries.
"Ee ja nai ka" dancing scene, 1868. Ee ja nai ka (ええじゃないか, lit. ' isn't it good ') was a complex of carnivalesque religious celebrations and communal activities, often understood as social or political protests, [1] which occurred in many parts of Japan from June 1867 to May 1868, at the end of the Edo period and the start of the Meiji Restoration.
Bakumatsu (幕末, ' End of the bakufu ') were the final years of the Edo period when the Tokugawa shogunate ended.Between 1853 and 1867, under foreign diplomatic and military pressure, Japan ended its isolationist foreign policy known as sakoku and changed from a feudal Tokugawa shogunate to the modern empire of the Meiji government.
In Japanese military history, the modernization of the Japanese army and navy during the Meiji period (1868–1912) and until the Mukden Incident (1931) was carried out by the newly founded national government, a military leadership that was only responsible to the Emperor, and with the help of France, Britain, and later Germany.