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The stratum basale (basal layer, sometimes referred to as stratum germinativum) is the deepest layer of the five layers of the epidermis, the external covering of skin in mammals. The stratum basale is a single layer of columnar or cuboidal basal cells .
Found in the lowest layer of the epidermis, the stratum basale, basal cells continuously divide in order to replenish the squamous cells that make up the skin's surface. [6] Every time a basal cell divides, it creates two daughter cells, one is an identical basal cell, and the other is a new somatic cell that undergoes terminal differentiation .
The ability of the skin to heal even after considerable damage has occurred is due to the presence of stem cells in the dermis and cells in the stratum basale of the epidermis, all of which can generate new tissue. When an injury extends through the epidermis into the dermis, bleeding occurs and the inflammatory response begins.
A calcium gradient, with the lowest concentration in the stratum basale and increasing concentrations until the outer stratum granulosum, where it reaches its maximum. Calcium concentration in the stratum corneum is very high in part because those relatively dry cells are not able to dissolve the ions. [10]
The blood vessels in the dermis provide nourishment and waste removal from its own cells as well as from the stratum basale of the epidermis. The dermis is structurally divided into two areas: a superficial area adjacent to the epidermis, called the papillary region, and a deep thicker area known as the reticular region.
Merkel cells are found in the skin and some parts of the mucosa of all vertebrates. In mammalian skin, they are clear cells found in the stratum basale [2] [3] (at the bottom of sweat duct ridges) of the epidermis approximately 10 μm in diameter. They are oval-shaped mechanoreceptors essential for light touch sensation and found in the skin of ...
The Malpighian layer (stratum mucosum or stratum malpighii) of the epidermis is generally defined as both the stratum basale (basal layer) and the thicker stratum spinosum (spinous layer/prickle cell layer) immediately above it as a single unit, [1] [2] although it is occasionally defined as the stratum basale specifically, [3] or the stratum ...
The epidermis is the most superficial layer of skin, a squamous epithelium with several strata: the stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, and stratum basale. [8] Nourishment is provided to these layers by diffusion from the dermis since the epidermis is without direct blood supply.