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Fungal infection, also known as mycosis, is a disease caused by fungi. [ 5 ] [ 13 ] Different types are traditionally divided according to the part of the body affected; superficial, subcutaneous , and systemic.
Epidermophyton is a genus of fungus causing superficial and cutaneous mycoses, including E. floccosum, and causes tinea corporis (ringworm), tinea cruris (jock itch), tinea pedis (athlete's foot), and tinea unguium (fungal infection of the nail bed).
Tinea manuum: fungal infection of the hands and palm area; Tinea capitis: fungal infection of the scalp and hair; Tinea faciei (face fungus): fungal infection of the face; Tinea barbae: fungal infestation of facial hair; Other superficial mycoses (not classic ringworm, since not caused by dermatophytes) Tinea versicolor: caused by Malassezia furfur
The fungi tend to spread to areas of skin that are kept warm and moist, such as with insulation (clothes), body heat, and sweat. However, the spread of the infection is not limited to skin. Toe nails become infected with fungi in the same way as the rest of the foot, typically by being trapped with fungi in the warm, dark, moist inside of a shoe.
Micrograph of a superficial dermatomycosis. The fungal organisms are the dark staining, thick, quasi-linear objects below with skin surface. Vulvar biopsy. GMS stain. Specialty: Infectious diseases Symptoms: These fungal infections impair superficial layers of the skin, hair and nails.
The fungi spread in a centrifugal pattern in the stratum corneum, which is the outermost keratinized layer of the skin. [3] For nail infections, the growth initiates through the lateral or superficial nail plates, then continues throughout the nail. [3] For hair infections, fungal invasion begins at the hair shaft. [3]
Malassezia furfur is a fungus that lives on the superficial layers of the dermis.It generally exists as a commensal organism forming a natural part of the human skin microbiota, but it can gain pathogenic capabilities when morphing from a yeast to a hyphal form during its life cycle, through unknown molecular changes. [2]
Mycosis-related cutaneous conditions are caused by fungi or yeasts, and may present as either a superficial or deep infection of the skin.