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The words synergy and synergetic have been used in the field of physiology since at least the middle of the 19th century: SYN'ERGY, Synergi'a, Synenergi'a, (F.) Synergie; from συν, 'with', and εργον, 'work'. A correlation or concourse of action between different organs in health; and, according to some, in disease.
In the synergistic response, the applied antibiotics work together to produce an effect more potent than if each antibiotic were applied singly. [1] Compare to the additive effect , where the potency of an antibiotic combination is roughly equal to the combined potencies of each antibiotic singly, and antagonistic effect, where the potency of ...
Additive effect can be used to detect synergy as it can be considered as the baseline effect in methods determining whether drugs have synergistic effect. Synergistic effect is similar to additive effect, having a combination effect greater than additive effect. It can produce an effect of 2+2 > 4 when two drugs are used together.
Energy gap between HOMO LUMO is brought even closer by two catalysts activating both substrates simultaneously. Synergistic catalysis is a specialized approach to catalysis whereby at least two different catalysts act on two different substrates simultaneously to allow reaction between the two activated materials.
One of Fuller's clearest expositions on "the geometry of thinking" occurs in the two-part essay "Omnidirectional Halo" which appears in his book No More Secondhand God. [ 2 ] Amy Edmondson describes synergetics "in the broadest terms, as the study of spatial complexity, and as such is an inherently comprehensive discipline."
It may be difficult to distinguish between synergistic or additive interactions, as individual effects of drugs may vary. Direct interactions between drugs are also possible and may occur when two drugs are mixed before intravenous injection. For example, mixing thiopentone and suxamethonium can lead to the precipitation of thiopentone. [4]
In chemistry, antagonism is a phenomenon wherein two or more agents in combination have an overall effect that is less than the sum of their individual effects. The word is most commonly used in this context in biochemistry and toxicology: interference in the physiological action of a chemical substance by another having a similar structure.
Synergism comes from the Greek syn (with) and ergon (work) and refers to two or more sources working together. [1] In Christian theology, it describes the cooperative effort between God and humanity in the process of salvation. [2] [3] It implies a free human participation in salvation. [4]