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Bottle for distilled water in the Real Farmacia in Madrid. Distilled water is water that has been boiled into vapor and condensed back into liquid in a separate container. Impurities in the original water that do not boil below or near the boiling point of water remain in the original container. Thus, distilled water is a type of purified water.
Distillation, also classical distillation, is the process of separating the component substances of a liquid mixture of two or more chemically discrete substances; the separation process is realized by way of the selective boiling of the mixture and the condensation of the vapors in a still.
A liquid (not visible) in the flask at left is heated by the blue mantle to the boiling point. The vapor is then cooled as it goes through the inner tube of the condenser. There it becomes liquid again, and drips into the smaller collecting flask at right, immersed in a cooling bath. The two hoses connected to the condenser circulate water ...
Fractional distillation in a laboratory makes use of common laboratory glassware and apparatuses, typically including a Bunsen burner, a round-bottomed flask and a condenser, as well as the single-purpose fractionating column. Fractional distillation. As an example, consider the distillation of a mixture of water and ethanol. Ethanol boils at ...
If the saturated liquid is a multi-component liquid (for example, a mixture of propane, isobutane and normal butane), the flashed vapor is richer in the more volatile components than is the remaining liquid. Uncontrolled flash evaporation can result in a boiling liquid expanding vapor explosion .
Vapour-liquid equilibrium of 2-propanol/water showing positive azeotropic behaviour. An azeotrope (/ ə ˈ z iː ə ˌ t r oʊ p /) [1] or a constant heating point mixture is a mixture of two or more liquids whose proportions cannot be changed by simple distillation. [2]
A binary distillation separates a feed mixture stream into two fractions: one distillate and one bottoms fractions. The principle for continuous distillation is the same as for normal distillation: when a liquid mixture is heated so that it boils, the composition of the vapor above the liquid differs from the liquid composition.
A liquid is a nearly incompressible fluid that conforms to the shape of its container but retains a nearly constant volume independent of pressure. It is one of the four fundamental states of matter (the others being solid, gas, and plasma), and is the only state with a definite volume but no fixed shape.