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Grading in education is the application of standardized measurements to evaluate different levels of student achievement in a course. Grades can be expressed as letters (usually A to F), as a range (for example, 1 to 6), percentages, or as numbers out of a possible total (often out of 100).
A grade of "W" indicates that a student has elected to withdraw from a course prior to the course's withdraw deadline. It is not calculated in the student's grade point average, which would keep the student from facing possible academic disciplinary action if they were to fall below the required Standards of Academic Progress (SAP).
Additionally, most schools calculate a student's grade point average (GPA) by assigning each letter grade a number and averaging those numerical values. Generally, American schools equate an A with a numerical value of 4.0. Most graduate schools require a 3.0 (B) average to take a degree, with C or C− being the lowest grade for course credit.
Sometimes, when no decimal place is used, an additional grade, 6−, is used to indicate that the student has "barely passed". In some cases, usually in high schools, fail marks may be compensated with high passes, provided the average mark is a pass. For example, a mark 4 and 9 would average at ((4 + 9) / 2) = 6.5 which makes for a pass.
Grades below 50 are not considered in calculating the average and the standard deviation of a grade distribution. An R score is calculated for every course except for physical education taken before fall 2007 or for remedial courses. The final R score is the weighted average of the R score in all courses.
In francophone schools or CBE Schools from kindergarten to Grade 9, an alternative grading system is used instead of percentages and letter grades: numbers 1 through 4 are used (4 is excellent, 3 is good, 2 is average, and 1 is below average. Note: not all schools utilize a +/− system when giving grades. Some just give the generic grade.
Grade (fasteners), the grade of nuts and bolts refers to the strength and material Grading (earthworks) , the preparation and leveling of land for construction, especially of roads and railways Grade separation , aligning a junction of two or more transport axes at different heights to facilitate traffic flow
However, this does not account for the difference in number of students in each class (20 versus 30); hence the value of 85 does not reflect the average student grade (independent of class). The average student grade can be obtained by averaging all the grades, without regard to classes (add all the grades up and divide by the total number of ...