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HSAB is an acronym for "hard and soft (Lewis) acids and bases".HSAB is widely used in chemistry for explaining the stability of compounds, reaction mechanisms and pathways. It assigns the terms 'hard' or 'soft', and 'acid' or 'base' to chemical species.
Hard acids form stronger complexes with hard bases than with soft bases. In general terms hard–hard interactions are predominantly electrostatic in nature whereas soft–soft interactions are predominantly covalent in nature. The HSAB theory, though useful, is only semi-quantitative. [28] The hardness of a metal ion increases with oxidation ...
In the theory of chemical reactivity, the Klopman–Salem equation describes the energetic change that occurs when two species approach each other in the course of a reaction and begin to interact, as their associated molecular orbitals begin to overlap with each other and atoms bearing partial charges begin to experience attractive or repulsive electrostatic forces.
Ralph Gottfrid Pearson (January 12, 1919 – October 12, 2022) was an American physical inorganic chemist best known for the development of the concept of hard and soft acids and bases (HSAB). He received his Ph.D. in physical chemistry in 1943 from Northwestern University , and taught chemistry at Northwestern faculty from 1946 until 1976 ...
Reed, James L. Electronegativity: Chemical Hardness I. Journal of Physical Chemistry A (1997), 101(40), 7396-7400. ACS abstract extract: "It has been suggested that the abs. hardness of d. functional theory be identified with the chem. hardness of Pearson's principle of hard and soft acids and bases. It is unclear whether these two hardnesses ...
Mohs hardness of materials (data page) ... Vickers hardness test; Brinell scale This page was last edited on 16 November 2024, at 12:16 (UTC). Text is available under ...
Tablet hardness testing; Turner-sclerometer; V. Vickers hardness test This page was last edited on 16 March 2013, at 18:53 (UTC). Text is available under the ...
In chemistry, an acid–base reaction is a chemical reaction that occurs between an acid and a base.It can be used to determine pH via titration.Several theoretical frameworks provide alternative conceptions of the reaction mechanisms and their application in solving related problems; these are called the acid–base theories, for example, Brønsted–Lowry acid–base theory.