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The following is a list of all currently known Mersenne primes and perfect numbers, along with their corresponding exponents p. As of 2024, there are 52 known Mersenne primes (and therefore perfect numbers), the largest 18 of which have been discovered by the distributed computing project Great Internet Mersenne Prime Search, or GIMPS. [2]
A perfect square is an element of algebraic structure that is equal to the square of another element. Square number, a perfect square integer. Entertainment
Square number 16 as sum of gnomons. In mathematics, a square number or perfect square is an integer that is the square of an integer; [1] in other words, it is the product of some integer with itself. For example, 9 is a square number, since it equals 3 2 and can be written as 3 × 3.
In number theory, a perfect number is a positive integer that is equal to the sum of its positive proper divisors, that is, divisors excluding the number itself. For instance, 6 has proper divisors 1, 2 and 3, and 1 + 2 + 3 = 6, so 6 is a perfect number. The next perfect number is 28, since 1 + 2 + 4 + 7 + 14 = 28.
When a triple of numbers a, b and c forms a primitive Pythagorean triple, then (c minus the even leg) and one-half of (c minus the odd leg) are both perfect squares; however this is not a sufficient condition, as the numbers {1, 8, 9} pass the perfect squares test but are not a Pythagorean triple since 1 2 + 8 2 ≠ 9 2. At most one of a, b, c ...
Legendre's conjecture: Does there always exist at least one prime between consecutive perfect squares? Are there infinitely many primes p such that p − 1 is a perfect square? In other words: Are there infinitely many primes of the form n 2 + 1? As of 2024, all four problems are unresolved.
In their book, Kathleen Ollerenshaw and David S. Brée give a method of construction and enumeration of all most-perfect magic squares. They also show that there is a one-to-one correspondence between reversible squares and most-perfect magic squares. For n = 36, there are about 2.7 × 10 44 essentially different most-perfect magic squares.
Consequently, a square number is also triangular if and only if + is square, that is, there are numbers and such that =. This is an instance of the Pell equation x 2 − n y 2 = 1 {\displaystyle x^{2}-ny^{2}=1} with n = 8 {\displaystyle n=8} .