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A lung biopsy is an interventional procedure performed to diagnose lung pathology by obtaining a small piece of lung which is examined under a microscope. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Beyond microscopic examination for cellular morphology and architecture, special stains and cultures can be performed on the tissue obtained.
Using a virtual, three-dimensional (3D) bronchial map from a recently computed tomography (CT) chest scan and disposable catheter set, physicians are able to navigate to a desired location within the lung to biopsy lesions, stage lymph nodes, insert markers to guide radiotherapy or guide brachytherapy catheters. [1] [2]
Diagnostic specimens are often obtained via bronchoscopic transbronchial biopsy, CT-guided percutaneous biopsy, or video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS). The diagnosis of inflammatory or fibrotic diseases of the lungs is considered by many pathologists to be particularly challenging.
The diagnosis of lung cancer is based on chest radiograph and computed tomography (CT) scans, and is confirmed by biopsy. Biopsy is usually performed via bronchoscopy or CT-guided biopsy. Treatment and prognosis depend upon the histological type of cancer, the stage, and the patient's performance status. Treatments include surgery, chemotherapy ...
Contrasted CT scans of the chest are usually used to confirm diagnosis of for lung cancer and abscesses, as well as to assess lymph node status at the hila and the mediastinum. CT pulmonary angiogram , which uses time-matched ("phased") protocols to assess the lung perfusion and the patency of great arteries and veins , particularly to look for ...
For cases suspicious enough to proceed to biopsy, small biopsies can be obtained by fine needle aspiration or bronchoscopy are commonly used for diagnosis of lung nodules. [19] CT guided percutaneous transthoracic needle biopsies have also proven to be very helpful in the diagnosis of SPN. [6]
Histopathologic image of small-cell carcinoma of the lung. CT-guided core needle biopsy. H&E stain. Small-cell carcinoma is an undifferentiated neoplasm composed of primitive-appearing cells. As the name implies, the cells in small-cell carcinomas are smaller than normal cells, and barely have room for any cytoplasm.
CT-guided biopsy of peripheral typical carcinoid tumor. The definitive diagnosis is rendered by a microscopic examination, after excision. Typical carcinoids have cells with stippled chromatin and a moderate quantity of cytoplasm. They typically have few mitoses and lack necrosis.