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In chemistry, a superoxide is a compound that contains the superoxide ion, which has the chemical formula O − 2. [1] The systematic name of the anion is dioxide(1−).The reactive oxygen ion superoxide is particularly important as the product of the one-electron reduction of dioxygen O 2, which occurs widely in nature. [2]
Potassium superoxide is a source of superoxide, which is an oxidant and a nucleophile, depending on its reaction partner. [8]Upon contact with water, it undergoes disproportionation to potassium hydroxide, oxygen, and hydrogen peroxide:
Specific examples include stroke and heart attack. [citation needed] In general, the harmful effects of reactive oxygen species on the cell are the damage of DNA or RNA, oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids in lipids (lipid peroxidation), oxidation of amino acids in proteins, and oxidative deactivation of specific enzymes by oxidation co ...
2) and oxides of nitrogen (NO x). The Earth's crustal rock is composed in large part of oxides of silicon (silica SiO 2, found in granite and sand), aluminium (aluminium oxide Al 2 O 3, in bauxite and corundum), iron (iron (III) oxide Fe 2 O 3, in hematite and rust) and other oxides of metals.
Lithium oxide (Li 2 O) is the lightest alkali metal oxide and a white solid. It melts at 1570 °C. Sodium oxide (Na 2 O) is a white solid that melts at 1132 °C and decomposes at 1950 °C. It is a component of glass. Potassium oxide (K 2 O) is a pale yellow solid that decomposes at 350 °C. Rubidium oxide (Rb 2 O) is a yellow solid that melts ...
Caesium superoxide's crystal structure is same as calcium carbide.It contains direct oxygen-oxygen bonding. [2]It reacts with water to form hydrogen peroxide and caesium hydroxide.
Together with its conjugate base superoxide, hydroperoxyl is an important reactive oxygen species.Unlike • O − 2, which has reducing properties, HO • 2 can act as an oxidant in a number of biologically important reactions, such as the abstraction of hydrogen atoms from tocopherol and polyunstaturated fatty acids in the lipid bilayer.
The LiO 2 molecule is a misnomer: the bonds between lithium and oxygen are highly ionic, with almost complete electron-transfer. [1] The force constant between the two oxygen atoms matches the constants measured for the superoxide anion (O − 2) in other contexts.