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  2. Memory Reference Code - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memory_Reference_Code

    The MRC is part of reference BIOS code, which relates to memory initialization in the BIOS. It includes information about memory settings, frequency, timing, driving and detailed operations of the memory controller. The MRC is written in a C-language code, which can be edited and compiled by board makers. It provides a space to develop advanced ...

  3. Power-on self-test - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power-on_self-test

    For a warm boot, the BIOS will be located in the proper place in RAM and the northbridge will direct the reset vector call to the RAM. In earlier PC systems, before chipsets were standard, the BIOS ROM would be located at an address range that included the reset vector, and BIOS ran directly out of ROM.

  4. Memory scrubbing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memory_scrubbing

    Memory scrubbing consists of reading from each computer memory location, correcting bit errors (if any) with an error-correcting code , and writing the corrected data back to the same location. [ 1 ] Due to the high integration density of modern computer memory chips , the individual memory cell structures became small enough to be vulnerable ...

  5. Serial presence detect - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_presence_detect

    In computing, serial presence detect (SPD) is a standardized way to automatically access information about a memory module.Earlier 72-pin SIMMs included five pins that provided five bits of parallel presence detect (PPD) data, but the 168-pin DIMM standard changed to a serial presence detect to encode more information.

  6. BIOS - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BIOS

    In computing, BIOS (/ ˈ b aɪ ɒ s,-oʊ s /, BY-oss, -⁠ohss; Basic Input/Output System, also known as the System BIOS, ROM BIOS, BIOS ROM or PC BIOS) is firmware used to provide runtime services for operating systems and programs and to perform hardware initialization during the booting process (power-on startup). [1]

  7. MemTest86 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memtest86

    MemTest86 was developed by Chris Brady in 1994. [1] It was written in C and x86 assembly, and for all BIOS versions, was released under the GNU General Public License (GPL). ). The bootloading code was originally derived from Linux 1.2.

  8. System Management Mode - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/System_Management_Mode

    However, BIOS manufacturers and OEMs have relied on SMM for newer functionality like Advanced Configuration and Power Interface (ACPI). [9] [10] Some uses of the System Management Mode are: Handle system events like memory or chipset errors; Manage system safety functions, such as shutdown on high CPU temperature; System Management BIOS (SMBIOS)

  9. CPU-Z - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CPU-Z

    CPU-Z is more comprehensive in virtually all areas compared to the tools provided in the Windows to identify various hardware components, and thus assists in identifying certain components without the need of opening the case; particularly the core revision and RAM clock rate. It also provides information on the system's GPU.