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Napoleon II (Napoléon François Joseph Charles Bonaparte; 20 March 1811 – 22 July 1832) was the disputed Emperor of the French for a few weeks in 1815. He was the son of Emperor Napoleon I and Empress Marie Louise , daughter of Emperor Francis I of Austria .
Napoleon's son Napoléon François Charles Joseph was made King of Rome and was later styled as Napoleon II by loyalists of the dynasty, though he only ruled for two weeks after his father's abdication. Louis-Napoléon, son of Louis, was President of France and then Emperor of the French from 1852 to 1870, reigning as Napoleon III.
Portrait of Napoleon II by Thomas Lawrence. Painted in 1819 by which time he lived in Vienna. In the summer of 1814, Emperor Francis sent Count Adam Albert von Neipperg to accompany Marie Louise to the spa town of Aix-les-Bains to prevent her from joining Napoleon on Elba. [77] [78] Neipperg was a confidant of Metternich and an enemy of Napoleon.
December 14: Public announcement of Napoleon's divorce from Joséphine; 1810. March 11: Napoleon marries Marie Louise of Austria by proxy in Vienna; April 1: Napoleon officially marries Marie Louise, Duchess of Parma in Paris; 1811. March 20: Napoleon II, Napoleon's son born, styled as the King of Rome; 1812. July 22: Battle of Salamanca
Napoleon abdicated in favor of his son after his defeat in 1815. Although the Bonapartes were deposed and the old Bourbon monarchy restored, Bonapartists recognised Napoleon's son as Napoleon II. A sickly child, he was virtually imprisoned in Austria, and died young and unmarried, without any descendants. When the French Empire was restored to ...
Napoleon I's death in exile on Saint Helena in 1821 only transferred the allegiance of many of his loyalists to other members of the House of Bonaparte. After the death in 1832 of Napoleon I's son, known to Bonapartists as Napoleon II, Bonapartist hopes rested in several different members of the family. The disturbances of 1848 gave this group ...
The nominal reign of Napoleon II lasted no longer than until 7 July 1815, when an Allied army occupied Paris. Napoleon I was now exiled to the Atlantic island of St. Helena, where he died a prisoner 5 May 1821. Napoleon II continued to live under close observation in Vienna until he died of tuberculosis 22 July 1832.
Object history: Samuel Woodburn, London, England (by 1833). Duc de Bassano, (by 1896); to his daughter, the Princesse de Bassano, sold; [through Martin Birnbaum]; to Grenville L. Winthrop (1938–1943) bequest; to Fogg Art Museum, 1943.