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Extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) are symptoms that are archetypically associated with the extrapyramidal system of the brain's cerebral cortex. When such symptoms are caused by medications or other drugs, they are also known as extrapyramidal side effects (EPSE). The symptoms can be acute (short-term) or chronic (long-term).
As haloperidol is a high-potency typical antipsychotic, it tends to produce significant extrapyramidal side effects. According to a 2013 meta-analysis of the comparative efficacy and tolerability of 15 antipsychotic drugs it was the most prone of the 15 for causing extrapyramidal side effects. [29]
The first symptoms of neuroleptic malignant syndrome are usually muscle cramps and tremors, fever, symptoms of autonomic nervous system instability such as unstable blood pressure, and sudden changes in mental status (agitation, delirium, or coma). Other possible symptoms include sweating, trouble swallowing, tremors, incontinence, and mutism.
Risperidone and haloperidol may produce extrapyramidal symptoms, [5] and increase prolactin levels. [5] [39] Because of lower side effects, aripiprazole is preferred over other antipsychotics. [40] Clonidine (or the clonidine patch) is one of the medications typically tried first when medication is needed for Tourette's.
fluphenazine and haloperidol: more extrapyramidal side effects (EPS) and less antihistaminic effects (e.g. sedation), alpha adrenergic antagonism (e.g. orthostatic hypotension), and anticholinergic effects (e.g. dry mouth) middle: perphenazine and loxapine: intermediate D2 affinity, with more off-target effects than high-potency agents low ...
HPP + may contribute to the development of extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) in patients undergoing long-term haloperidol therapy. [2] An alternative theory posits that these symptoms result from long-term dopamine receptor supersensitivity , rather than direct neurotoxicity.
Haloperidol decanoate, sold under the brand name Haldol Decanoate among others, is a typical antipsychotic which is used in the treatment of schizophrenia. [2] [3] ...
Initial symptoms include restlessness, agitation, malaise, or a fixed stare. Then comes the more characteristically described extreme and sustained upward deviation of the eyes. In addition, the eyes may converge, deviate upward and laterally, or deviate downward.