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Sézary disease, or Sézary syndrome, [1] is a type of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma that was first described by Albert Sézary. [2] The affected T cells, known as Sézary's cells or Lutzner cells, have pathological quantities of mucopolysaccharides. Sézary disease is sometimes considered a late stage of mycosis fungoides with lymphadenopathy. [3] [4]
It is rare for mycosis fungoides to appear before age 20; the average age of onset is between 45 and 55 years of age for people with patch and plaque disease only, but is over 60 for people who present with tumours, erythroderma (red skin) or a leukemic form (Sézary syndrome). Mycosis fungoides is more common in males than in females with ...
The presentation depends if it is mycosis fungoides or Sézary syndrome, the most common, though not the only types. Among the symptoms for the aforementioned types are: enlarged lymph nodes, an enlarged liver and spleen, and non-specific dermatitis. [1]
Carcinoid syndrome Paraneoplastic pemphigus B‐cell proliferations and thymoma or thymoma‐like neoplasms; specifically Non Hodgkin's lymphoma (42%) Dermatitis herpetiformis: Lymphoma Porphyria cutanea tarda and variegate porphyrias Hepatocellular Carcinoma Erythroderma and exfoliative dermatitis Mycosis fungoides or Sézary syndrome
An accumulation of Lutzner cells in the layers of the skin can cause cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Cutaneous cell lymphoma is the second most common form of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. [11] Two forms of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma associated with abnormal T-lymphocytes or Lutzner cells are Mycosis Fungoides and Sézary Syndrome. [12]
T-cell lymphoma can cause eczema or rash-like symptoms where small red patches will appear around the skin. These patches will often be irritated and may appear slightly lighter in colour compared to the rest of the skin. Occasionally, small lumps will develop which may rupture and cause the surface layer of the skin to break open.
The nuclei are usually round to oval in shape, with occasional patients having cells with a more irregular nuclear outline that is similar to the cerebriform nuclear shape seen in Sézary syndrome. [3] A small cell variant comprises 20% of all T-PLL cases, and the Sézary cell-like (cerebriform) variant is seen in 5% of cases. [3]
Mycosis fungoides/Sézary syndrome; Most common cutaneous lymphoid malignancy Usually small lymphoid cells with convoluted nuclei that often infiltrate the epidermis, creating Pautrier microabscesseses CD4 5-year survival 75% [38]