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D-Serine, synthesized in neurons by serine racemase from L-serine (its enantiomer), serves as a neuromodulator by coactivating NMDA receptors, making them able to open if they then also bind glutamate. D-serine is a potent agonist at the glycine site (NR1) of canonical diheteromeric NMDA receptors.
serine protease reaction mechanism. The main player in the catalytic mechanism in the serine proteases is the catalytic triad. The triad is located in the active site of the enzyme, where catalysis occurs, and is preserved in all superfamilies of serine protease enzymes.
D-Amino acid residues occur in cone snails and the venom of the male platypus. [5] [6] They are also abundant components of the peptidoglycan cell walls of bacteria, [7] and D-serine may act as a neurotransmitter in the brain. [8]
The first enzyme is a pyridoxal 5'-phosphate-dependent enzyme which converts the L-alanine to the D-alanine form. [11] The second enzyme is involved in joining two of these D-alanine residues together by catalyzing the formation of the ATP-dependent D-alanine-D-alanine dipeptide bond between the resulting D-alanine molecules. [11]
Mammalian serine racemase is a pyridoxal 5'-phosphate dependent enzyme that catalyzes both the racemization of L-serine to D-serine and also the elimination of water from L-serine, generating pyruvate and ammonia through the β-elimination of L-serine. [9] This makes serine a known bifurcating enzyme.
^a EINECS for Serine ^a CID 617 from PubChem ^a CID 5951 from PubChem This page was last edited on 18 January 2025, at 07:25 (UTC). Text is available ...
Phosphatidylserine (PS) is the major acidic phospholipid class that accounts for 13–15% of the phospholipids in the human cerebral cortex. [7] In the plasma membrane, PS is localized exclusively in the cytoplasmic leaflet where it forms part of protein docking sites necessary for the activation of several key signaling pathways.
Other names in common use include D-hydroxyaminoacid dehydratase, D-serine dehydrase, D-hydroxy amino acid dehydratase, D-serine hydrolase, D-serine dehydratase (deaminating), D-serine deaminase, and D-serine hydro-lyase (deaminating). This enzyme participates in glycine, serine and threonine metabolism.