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Alternatively, a perfect conductor is an idealized material exhibiting infinite electrical conductivity or, equivalently, zero resistivity (cf. perfect dielectric). While perfect electrical conductors do not exist in nature, the concept is a useful model when electrical resistance is negligible compared to other
where is the length of the conductor, measured in metres [m], A is the cross-section area of the conductor measured in square metres [m 2], σ is the electrical conductivity measured in siemens per meter (S·m −1), and ρ is the electrical resistivity (also called specific electrical resistance) of the material, measured in ohm-metres (Ω·m ...
In the case of a perfect electrical conductor, the electric currents that are impressed on the surface won't radiate due to Lorentz reciprocity. Thus, the original currents can be substituted with surface magnetic currents only. A similar formulation for a perfect magnetic conductor would use impressed electric currents. [1]
This is done by assuming conditions at the boundaries which are physically correct and numerically solvable in finite time. In some cases, the boundary conditions resume to a simple interface condition. The most usual and simple example is a fully reflecting (electric wall) boundary - the outer medium is considered as a perfect conductor.
A perfect conductor has infinite conductivity, σ = ∞, while a perfect dielectric is a material that has no conductivity at all, σ = 0; this latter case, of real-valued permittivity (or complex-valued permittivity with zero imaginary component) is also associated with the name lossless media. [18]
A perfect dielectric is a material with zero electrical conductivity (cf. perfect conductor infinite electrical conductivity), [9] thus exhibiting only a displacement current; therefore it stores and returns electrical energy as if it were an ideal capacitor.
The penetration depth for a good conductor can be calculated from the following equation: [5] =, where δ is the penetration depth (m), f is the frequency (Hz), μ is the magnetic permeability of the material (H/m), and σ is the electrical conductivity of the material (S/m).
A perfect electric conductor has more back scatter from a leading edge for the linear polarization with the electric field parallel to the edge and more from a trailing edge with the electric field perpendicular to the edge, so the high surface impedance should be parallel to leading edges and perpendicular to trailing edges, for the greatest ...