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Vesicovaginal fistula, or VVF, is an abnormal fistulous tract extending between the bladder and the vagina that allows the continuous involuntary discharge of urine into the vaginal vault. [citation needed] In addition to the medical sequela from these fistulas, they often have a profound effect on the patient's emotional well-being.
Vesicouterine fistula refers to an abnormal communication between the bladder and uterus. The first case of vesicouterine fistula was reported in 1908. [ 2 ] It was however first described in 1957 by Abdel Fattah Youssef, an obstetrician and gynaecologist in Kasr el-Aini hospital, Cairo , Egypt .
Abnormal passage of stool through the vagina is caused by a rectovaginal fistula. [15] Treatment is often surgical with the use of tissue grafts. [15] [16] The presence of bowel disease increases the risk of a rectovaginal fistula. [15] An entero-vaginal fistula can form between the bowel and the vagina. [17]
If the tampon turns orange, ureterovaginal fistula is suspected. If the tampon turns blue and orange, suspect a combination of vesicovaginal and ureterovaginal fistulae. It is important to be alert for leakage around the catheter, which may spill back into the vagina creating the false impression of a fistula.
Congenital vaginal fistula surgical [73] [74] Septa 1 in 70,000 Septa can prevent menstrual flow and result in painful intercourse; others have no symptoms; Transverse septa often present with kidney defects. surgical or none [63] [60] [65] [57] [49] [18] [75] Persistent cloaca [76] [1] Urogenital sinus: urinary system and vagina open into a ...
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The use of the posterior lip of the cervix to close juxtacervical fistulae (M. Ijaiya's technique) may be particularly useful when the anterior lip of the cervix is involved in the pressure necrosis and it is difficult to achieve a tension-free repair.
The obstruction is often caused by an imperforate hymen or less commonly a transverse vaginal septum. The fluid consists of cervical and endometrial mucus or in rare instances urine accumulated through a vesicovaginal fistula proximal to the obstruction. In some cases, it is associated with Bardet-Biedl Syndrome. [1]