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The confederations of core Mongol tribes were transforming into a statehood in the early 12th century and came to be known as the Khamag Mongol confederacy. The people of Mongolia at this time were predominantly spirit worshipers, with shamans providing spiritual and religious guidance to the people and tribal leaders.
The tribe's own origin myth claims that they were descended from three brothers born of a golden vessel—Jurluq Mergen, Quba Shira, and Tusbu Da'u. The descendants of these brothers formed the Hongirad tribe, but feuds quickly splintered the tribe and gave rise to the offshoot tribes of the Ikires, Olkhonud, Karanut, Gorlos, and Qongliyuts ...
The unification created a new common ethnic identity as Mongols. Descendants of those clans form the Mongolian nation and other Inner Asian people. [citation needed] Almost all of tribes and clans mentioned in the Secret History of the Mongols [2] and some tribes mentioned in the Tarikh-i-Rashidi, there are total 33 Mongol tribes. [citation needed]
Some sources speak of the Katagans as being part of the Uzbek tribes in the mid-16th century. [4] The Katagans are mentioned in the lists of 92 Uzbek tribes. [5]Muhammad Yar Arab Katagan, a famous descendant of the Uzbek Katagan tribe, was a 16th-century historian and the author of Musahhir al-bilad ('The conquest of lands') in Persian on the history of the Shaybanids.
The Bayad (Mongol: Баяд/Bayad, lit. "the Riches") is the third largest subgroup of Mongol people in modern Mongolia and they are a tribe in Four Oirats. Baya'ud were a prominent clan within the Mongol Empire. Baya'ud can be found in both Mongolic and Turkic peoples.
Chonos, one of the Mongol tribes, can be found in Kalmykia, Buryatia, and the Irkutskaya province in the Russian Federation, and also in Mongolia and the People's Republic of China. The name of the tribe translates as "wolves" or "wolf's", and it is one of the most ancient Mongolian tribes. It is famous as a first tribe which joined Genghis Khan.
Mongol Empire c.1207, Ongud and their neighbours. The Ongud (also spelled Ongut or Öngüt; Mongolian: Онгуд, Онход; Chinese: 汪古, Wanggu; from Old Turkic öng "desolate, uninhabited; desert" plus güt "class marker" [1]) were a Turkic tribe that later became Mongolized [2] [3] active in what is now Inner Mongolia in northern China around the time of Genghis Khan (1162–1227). [4]
Mongolian is the official national language of Mongolia, where it is spoken by nearly 2.8 million people (2010 estimate), [81] and the official provincial language of China's Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, where there are at least 4.1 million ethnic Mongols. [82]