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On POSIX systems, the file descriptor for standard input is 0 (zero); the POSIX <unistd.h> definition is STDIN_FILENO; the corresponding C <stdio.h> abstraction is provided via the FILE* stdin global variable. Similarly, the global C++ std::cin variable of type <iostream> provides an abstraction via C++ streams.
In object-oriented programming, the template method is one of the behavioral design patterns identified by Gamma et al. [1] in the book Design Patterns.The template method is a method in a superclass, usually an abstract superclass, and defines the skeleton of an operation in terms of a number of high-level steps.
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In this example, because someCondition is true, this program prints "1" to the screen. Use the ?: operator instead of an if-then-else statement if it makes your code more readable; for example, when the expressions are compact and without side-effects (such as assignments).
The use of templates as a metaprogramming technique requires two distinct operations: a template must be defined, and a defined template must be instantiated.The generic form of the generated source code is described in the template definition, and when the template is instantiated, the generic form in the template is used to generate a specific set of source code.
[citation needed] Some aspects of the returned object are implementation-defined, such as std::type_info::name(), and cannot be relied on across compilers to be consistent. Objects of class std::bad_typeid are thrown when the expression for typeid is the result of applying the unary * operator on a null pointer. Whether an exception is thrown ...
A Doclet is written in Java and uses the Doclet API, The StandardDoclet included with Javadoc generates API documentation as frame-based HTML files. Other Doclets are available on the web [citation needed], often for free. These can be used to: Create other types of documentation (non-API) Output to a format other than HTML; such as PDF
Below is an example written in Java that takes keyboard input and handles each input line as an event. When a string is supplied from System.in , the method notifyObservers() is then called in order to notify all observers of the event's occurrence, in the form of an invocation of their update methods.