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The Sussmann lamp [58] was introduced into Britain in 1893 and following trials at Murton Colliery in Durham it became a widely used electric lamp with 3000 or so reported by the company in use in 1900 [59] However, by 1910 there were only 2055 electric lamps of all types in use – about 0.25% of all safety lamps. [60]
A type of Davy lamp with apertures for gauging flame height. The lamp consists of a wick lamp with the flame enclosed inside a mesh screen. The screen acts as a flame arrestor; air (and any firedamp present) can pass through the mesh freely enough to support combustion, but the holes are too fine to allow a flame to propagate through them and ignite any firedamp outside the mesh.
In 1867, Thomas patented an improvement to the design of the safety lamp that would prevent the glass in the lamp from becoming loose by using india rubber. In 1868, he obtained a patent for "an improvement in the construction of miners' safety lamps, in such a manner as to enable petroleum or other mineral oils to be consumed therein". [2]
Unlike ATEX which uses numbers to define the safety "Category" of equipment (namely 1, 2, and 3), the IEC continued to utilise the method used for defining the safe levels of intrinsic safety namely "a" for zone 0, "b" for zone 1 and "c" for zone 2 and apply this Equipment Level of Protection to all equipment for use in hazardous areas since ...
The Davey Safety Lamp was made in London by Humphry Davy. George Stephenson invented a similar lamp but Davys invention was safer due to it having a fine wire gauze that surrounded the flame. This enabled the light to pass through and reduced the risk of explosion by stopping the "firedamp" methane gas coming in contact with the flame. [1]
By 1816, when Clanny published Practical observations on safety lamps for coal mines, he had experimented in person with a safety lamp at the Mill Pit in Herrington near Sunderland, [5] [a] where there had been a serious explosive accident, with the loss of 24 lives, on 10 October 1812. [6]
A photograph showing two Fulton MX-991/U Flashlights, next to an unofficial reproduction and a standard angle-head flashlight. The MX-991/U Flashlight (aka GI Flashlight, Army flashlight, or Moonbeam [1]) from the TL-122 military flashlight series of 1937-1944 and is a development of the MX-99/U flashlight issued in 1963 [clarification needed].
Red for Danger: A history of railway accidents and railway safety (4th ed.). Newton Abbot, Devon: David & Charles. ISBN 0-7153-8362-0. OCLC 9526651. Shaw, Robert B. (1978). A History of Railroad Accidents, Safety Precautions and Operating Practices. LCCN 78104064.