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An ejection fraction (EF) is the volumetric fraction (or portion of the total) of fluid (usually blood) ejected from a chamber (usually the heart) with each contraction (or heartbeat). It can refer to the cardiac atrium , [ 1 ] cardiac ventricle , [ 2 ] gall bladder, [ 3 ] or leg veins, [ 4 ] although if unspecified it usually refers to the ...
A 2020 study indicates that the global mean loss of life expectancy (LLE) from air pollution in 2015 was 2.9 years, substantially more than, for example, 0.3 years from all forms of direct violence, albeit a significant fraction of the LLE is considered to be unavoidable. [39]
The human gallbladder is a hollow grey-blue organ that sits in a shallow depression below the right lobe of the liver. [2] In adults, the gallbladder measures approximately 7 to 10 centimetres (2.8 to 3.9 inches) in length and 4 centimetres (1.6 in) in diameter when fully distended. [3]
In survival analysis, the cumulative distribution function gives the probability that the survival time is less than or equal to a specific time, t. Let T be survival time, which is any positive number. A particular time is designated by the lower case letter t. The cumulative distribution function of T is the function
The twentieth century witnessed a great expansion of the upper bounds of the human life span. At the beginning of the century, average life expectancy in the United States was 47 years. By the century's end, the average life expectancy had risen to over 70 years, and it was not unusual for Americans to exceed 80 years of age.
This definition was supposed to reflect the reversibility of tissue damage and was devised for the purpose, with the time frame of 24 hours being chosen arbitrarily. The 24-hour limit divides stroke from transient ischemic attack , which is a related syndrome of stroke symptoms that resolve completely within 24 hours. [ 2 ]
Light chain MGUS is defined as a disorder in which a serum κ to λ free light chain ratio falls outside the normal range of 0.26–1.65 (mean =0.9) provided that it is not associated with: a) any of the CRAB criteria, b) a bone marrow plasma cell count of 10 or a higher percentage of nucleated cells, c) evidence of amyloid deposition (see ...
5,608 and 5,675 people aged 15 and over died by suicide in 2009 to 2011 respectively. [26] [27] The share of deaths percentage wise in which suicide has contributed to has roughly remained under 1% since the 1990's. [28] The most recent figures for 2019 show that suicides made up 0.9% of deaths in the United Kingdom. [28]