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Floods in Africa have led to large losses of life over many decades. [1] In recent years, the effects of floods have been exacerbated by climate change. [2] By year
In 2024, heavy rainfall impacted several countries across West and Central Africa, including Nigeria, Chad, Niger, Mali, Guinea, Cameroon and Ghana. At least 1,500 were killed and more than a million were displaced. [1] The rainy season in West Africa lasts from June to September, with June alone producing prolonged deadly and damaging floods. [2]
Meanwhile, in Kenya 35 people have died since mid-March in flooding events that have affected more than 100,000 people, according to the U.N., which cites Red Cross figures in the most recent update.
In Somalia, hundreds of homes were damaged and there were 20 deaths (including a mother and her two children), [41] two injuries and 8,000 people were affected due to floods in Bardhere District on March 24. [42] Flooding in May killed an additional 22 people and over 460,000 people were affected. [36]
These conditions have a bearing on energy production and consumption. The recent drought in many African countries, which has been linked to climate change, adversely affected both energy security and economic growth across the continent. Africa will be one of the regions most impacted by the adverse effects of climate change. [29]
Frequent heavy rains causing damage and casualties between March and May are common in East Africa – in May 2020 around 80 people were killed by floods in Rwanda. Floods and droughts have increased in Rwanda over a 30-year period. [4] Rwanda's weather authority attributes the unusual rainfall patterns to climate change. [5]
The flooding greatly exacerbated existing humanitarian crises caused by regional hostilities in addition to the inflow of refugees from Sudan caused by the concurrent Sudanese Civil War. [1] Many flood-impacted areas were affected by outbreaks of hunger due to destruction of farmland and food supplies.
Estimated rainfall in southern Africa between 7 – 13 April 2022. Floods affected Eastern Cape in January, killing fourteen people, including a police officer who was trying to rescue people. [37] In April, floods have killed at least 435 people, mostly in KwaZulu-Natal. [38] Nearly $1.6 billion USD had been caused. [39]