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  2. Sodium hydroxide - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium_hydroxide

    When solutions with less than 18.4% NaOH are cooled, water ice crystallizes first, leaving the NaOH in solution. [18] The α form of the tetrahydrate has density 1.33 g/cm 3. It melts congruously at 7.55 °C into a liquid with 35.7% NaOH and density 1.392 g/cm 3, and therefore floats on it like ice on water.

  3. Chemical equation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_equation

    A chemical equation is the symbolic representation of a chemical reaction in the form of symbols and chemical formulas.The reactant entities are given on the left-hand side and the product entities are on the right-hand side with a plus sign between the entities in both the reactants and the products, and an arrow that points towards the products to show the direction of the reaction. [1]

  4. Sodium fusion test - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium_fusion_test

    The sodium fusion extract is made alkaline by adding NaOH. To this mixture, freshly prepared FeSO 4 solution is added and boiled for some time and then cooled. A few drops of FeCl 3 are added and Prussian blue (bluish green) color forms due to formation of ferric ferrocyanide along with NaCl. This shows the presence of nitrogen in the organic ...

  5. Activity coefficient - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Activity_coefficient

    In thermodynamics, an activity coefficient is a factor used to account for deviation of a mixture of chemical substances from ideal behaviour. [1] In an ideal mixture, the microscopic interactions between each pair of chemical species are the same (or macroscopically equivalent, the enthalpy change of solution and volume variation in mixing is zero) and, as a result, properties of the mixtures ...

  6. Conjugate (acid-base theory) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conjugate_(acid-base_theory)

    3 COOH, was made into a buffer solution, it would need to be combined with its conjugate base CH 3 COO − in the form of a salt. The resulting mixture is called an acetate buffer, consisting of aqueous CH 3 COOH and aqueous CH 3 COONa. Acetic acid, along with many other weak acids, serve as useful components of buffers in different lab ...

  7. Aqueous solution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aqueous_solution

    An aqueous solution is a solution in which the solvent is water. It is mostly shown in chemical equations by appending (aq) to the relevant chemical formula . For example, a solution of table salt , also known as sodium chloride (NaCl), in water would be represented as Na + (aq) + Cl − (aq) .

  8. Standard enthalpy of formation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_enthalpy_of_formation

    For a gas, it is the hypothetical state the gas would assume if it obeyed the ideal gas equation at a pressure of 1 bar. For a gaseous or solid solute present in a diluted ideal solution , the standard state is the hypothetical state of concentration of the solute of exactly one mole per liter (1 M ) at a pressure of 1 bar extrapolated from ...

  9. Ammonium phosphomolybdate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ammonium_phosphomolybdate

    Ammonium phosphomolybdate can be made by heating ammonium orthomolybdate combined with phosphoric acid and nitric acid, yielding ammonium nitrate, water, and a yellow precipitate of ammonium phosphomolybdate is obtained.