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English: Elective abdominal ultrasonography of a 64 year old woman with past colicky pain but no current pain. It shows a mildly dilated common bile duct with what appears to be a gallstone (black arrow). The green and blue dots are blood flow, since the exam is done as a Doppler ultrasound to distinguish the bile duct from blood vessels.
The double duct sign is a radiological finding characterized by the simultaneous dilation of the common bile duct and the main pancreatic duct.This sign is significant because it often indicates an obstruction in the distal bile duct and pancreatic duct, frequently caused by serious underlying pathologies such as pancreatic carcinoma or periampullary tumors. [1]
Common bile duct stone, also known as choledocholithiasis, is the presence of gallstones in the common bile duct (CBD) (thus choledocho-+ lithiasis). This condition can cause jaundice and liver cell damage. Treatments include choledocholithotomy and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP).
Fluoroscopic image of common bile duct stone seen at the time of ERCP. The stone is impacted in the distal common bile duct. A nasobiliary tube has been inserted. Fluoroscopic image showing dilatation of the pancreatic duct during ERCP investigation. Endoscope is visible. Obstructive jaundice – This may be due to several causes
The bile duct [1] [4] (formerly known as the common bile duct [4]) is a part of the biliary tract. [4] It is formed by the union of the common hepatic duct and cystic duct. It ends by uniting with the pancreatic duct to form the hepatopancreatic ampulla. It possesses its sphincter to enable the regulation of bile flow.
[2] [3] However, when a gallstone obstructs the bile duct and causes acute cholestasis, a reflexive smooth muscle spasm often occurs, resulting in an intense cramp-like visceral pain in the right upper part of the abdomen known as a biliary colic (or "gallbladder attack"). [4] This happens in 1–4% of those with gallstones each year. [4]
Accessory pancreatic duct 17. Pancreatic duct 18. Small intestine: 19. Duodenum 20. Jejunum 21–22. Right and left kidneys The front border of the liver has been lifted up (brown arrow). [1] Intrahepatic bile ducts compose the outflow system of exocrine bile product from the liver. They can be divided into: [2]
The function of the common bile duct is to allow bile to travel from the gallbladder to the small intestine, mixing with pancreatic digestive enzymes along the way. [4] One possible complication of choledocholithiasis is an infection of the bile ducts between the liver and the gallstone lodged in the common bile duct.