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Queen Victoria reigned as the monarch of Britain's colonies and as Empress of India. The influence of British imperialism and British culture was powerful throughout the Victorian era. Women's roles in the colonial countries were determined by the expectations associated with loyalty to the Crown and the cultural standards that it symbolised.
Women in France obtained many reproductive rights in the second half of the 20th century. The Neuwirth Act of 1967 authorized contraception. [9] The Veil Law of 1975 legalized abortion. [9] The maternal mortality rate in France is 8.00 deaths/100,000 live births (as of 2010). [10] France's HIV/AIDS rate is 0.4% of adults (aged 15–49 ...
Serious articles about women in education and politics accompanied style and society notes, short fiction and poetry and biographical pieces on famous, usually aristocratic, women. The Woman's World addressed an élite but expanding readership of middle and upper class educated women with literary and social credentials. [6]
The querelle des femmes or "dispute of women" originally referred to a literary genre and broad debate, that originated in humanistic and aristocratic circles in the Italian peninsula and France during the early modern period, regarding the nature of women, their capabilities, and whether they should be permitted to study, write, or govern in the same manner as men.
In the early modern period, colleges were established by various Catholic orders, notably the Oratorians.In parallel, universities further developed in France. Louis XIV's Ordonnance royale sur les écoles paroissiales of 13 December 1698 obliged parents to send their children to the village schools until their 14th year of age, ordered the villages to organise these schools, and set the wages ...
Legal reforms began to play a crucial role in shaping women's education, with laws being passed in many countries to make education accessible and compulsory for girls. The 20th century marked a period of rapid advancement in women's education.
France's "reluctance to move more aggressively against sexual harassment reflects deeply rooted ideas about sexual relations and the relative power between men and women", said Scott. [41] France outlawed street sexual harassment in 2018, passing a law declaring catcalling on streets and public transportation is subject to fines of up to €750 ...
Frances Benjamin Johnston's Self-Portrait (as "New Woman"), 1896 An undergarment called a bicycle waist is advertised as "graceful as the New Woman". 1896.. The New Woman was a feminist ideal that emerged in the late 19th century and had a profound influence well into the 20th century.