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This inherited disease is characterized by violent muscle twitching and substantial muscle weakness or paralysis among affected horses. HYPP is a dominant genetic disorder; therefore, heterozygotes bred to genotypically normal horses have a statistic probability of producing clinically affected offspring 50% of the time.
Hyperkalemic periodic paralysis causes episodes of extreme muscle weakness, with attacks often beginning in childhood. [1] Depending on the type and severity of the HyperKPP, it can increase or stabilize until the fourth or fifth decade where attacks may cease, decline, or, depending on the type, continue on into old age.
Horses initially experience stiffness, weakness, and a decreased appetite followed by the rapid loss of 40% of muscle mass within 72 hours. The second presentation of MYHM is Nonexertional Rhabdomyolysis (compare to PSSM, below) and often presents as stiffness and possible swelling of muscles along the back and haunches without exercise.
Equine polysaccharide storage myopathy (EPSM, PSSM, EPSSM) is a hereditary glycogen storage disease of horses that causes exertional rhabdomyolysis.It is currently known to affect the following breeds American Quarter Horses, American Paint Horses, Warmbloods, Cobs, Dales Ponies, Thoroughbreds, Arabians, New Forest ponies, and a large number of Heavy horse breeds.
A horse may be returned to work if symptoms have ceased and is no longer on NSAIDs or other prescribed drugs related to treatment of ER, this can otherwise can hide signs of another bout of ER. If NSAIDs or other treatment drugs are needed to keep the horse comfortable, or if the horse is reluctant to continue work, the animal is not yet ready ...
Hyperkalemia is an elevated level of potassium (K +) in the blood. [6] [1] Normal potassium levels are between 3.5 and 5.0 mmol/L (3.5 and 5.0 mEq/L) with levels above 5.5 mmol/L defined as hyperkalemia. [3] [4] Typically hyperkalemia does not cause symptoms. [1] Occasionally when severe it can cause palpitations, muscle pain, muscle weakness ...
Common symptoms include hypertension, hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis, and low plasma renin activity. [1] DOC excess syndrome is an excessive secretion of 21-hydroxyprogesterone also called 11-Deoxycorticosterone from adrenal glands and may cause mineralocorticoid hypertension. [4] [5] [6]
Affected patients have hypertension together with long-term hyperkalemia, hyperchloremia, normal plasma creatinine, reduced bicarbonate, and low renin levels. Aldestrone levels may be normal or elevated. PHA2D 614495: KLHL3: Autosomal dominant or autosomal recessive Mean age at diagnosis was found to be around 24 to 26, but it varies widely. [15]