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  2. Wall footing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wall_footing

    Wall Footing . A wall footing, or strip footing, is a continuous strip of concrete that serves to spread the weight of a load-bearing wall across an area of soil. [1] It is a component of a shallow foundation. [1] Wall Footing. Wall footings carrying direct vertical loads might be designed either in plain concrete or in reinforced concrete.

  3. Foundation (engineering) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foundation_(engineering)

    Foundation with pipe fixtures coming through the sleeves. In engineering, a foundation is the element of a structure which connects it to the ground or more rarely, water (as with floating structures), transferring loads from the structure to the ground. Foundations are generally considered either shallow or deep. [1]

  4. Masonry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masonry

    In this context, the brick masonry is primarily decorative, not structural. The brick veneer is generally connected to the structural wall by brick ties (metal strips that are attached to the structural wall, as well as the mortar joints of the brick veneer). There is typically an air gap between the brick veneer and the structural wall.

  5. Piling - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piling

    When used in permanent works, these walls can be designed to resist vertical loads in addition lateral load from retaining soil. Construction of both methods is the same as for foundation bearing piles. Contiguous walls are constructed with small gaps between adjacent piles. The spacing of the piles can be varied to provide suitable bending ...

  6. Water table (architecture) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_table_(architecture)

    It is both a functional and architectural feature that consists of a projection that deflects water running down the face of a building away from lower courses or the foundation. [1] [2] A water table may also be primarily decorative, as found near the base of a wall or at a transition between materials, such as from stone to brick. The top of ...

  7. Kath kuni architecture - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kath_kuni_architecture

    The construction of walls involves laying two wooden beams longitudinally parallel to each other with a gap in between. Loose in-fill material is packed as a filler and the external and internal skins of the wall are held together by cross braces or dovetail (maanvi). As the wall rises, the stone courses decrease and the wood sections gradually ...

  8. Interference of the footings - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interference_of_the_footings

    Stuart [1] was the first pioneer to study the interference phenomenon of closely spaced surface strip footing. He examined the effect of footing interference on ultimate bearing capacity of strip footings by theoretical analysis using limit equilibrium method, assuming a non-linear failure surface wherein the cross-section composed of logarithmic spiral and straight line portion tangent to the ...

  9. Substructure (engineering) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Substructure_(engineering)

    The substructure of a building transfers the load of the building to the ground and isolates it horizontally from the ground. This includes foundations and basement retaining walls. [1] It is differentiated from the superstructure. It safeguards the building against the forces of wind, uplift, soil pressure etc.