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Crystals of high purity germanium are used in detectors for gamma spectroscopy and the search for dark matter. [91] Germanium crystals are also used in X-ray spectrometers for the determination of phosphorus, chlorine and sulfur. [92] Germanium is emerging as an important material for spintronics and spin-based quantum computing applications.
Organic germanium hydrides such as isobutylgermane ((CH 3) 2 CHCH 2 GeH 3) were found to be less hazardous and may be used as a liquid substitute for toxic germane gas in semiconductor applications. Many germanium reactive intermediates are known: germyl free radicals, germylenes (similar to carbenes), and germynes (similar to carbynes).
China on Tuesday banned exports to the United States of the critical minerals gallium, germanium and antimony that have widespread military applications, escalating trade tensions the day after ...
Some useful resources for learning about e-agriculture in practice are the World Bank's e-sourcebook ICT in agriculture – connecting smallholder farmers to knowledge, networks and institutions (2011), [2] ICT uses for inclusive value chains (2013), [3] ICT uses for inclusive value chains (2013) [4] and Success stories on information and ...
Organogermanium compounds are used in relatively few commercial applications. Isobutylgermane, a volatile colorless liquid, is used in MOVPE (Metalorganic Vapor Phase Epitaxy) in the deposition of Ge semiconductor films. Propagermanium, also known as Ge-132, and spirogermanium are drugs. [citation needed]
Germane is the chemical compound with the formula Ge H 4, and the germanium analogue of methane. It is the simplest germanium hydride and one of the most useful compounds of germanium. Like the related compounds silane and methane, germane is tetrahedral. It burns in air to produce GeO 2 and water. Germane is a group 14 hydride.
Chlorine-free germanium processing are methods of germanium activation to form useful germanium precursors in a more energy efficient and environmentally friendly way compared to traditional synthetic routes. Germanium tetrachloride is a valuable intermediate for the synthesis of many germanium complexes.
Germanium-tin is an alloy of the elements germanium and tin, both located in group 14 of the periodic table. It is only thermodynamically stable under a small composition range. Despite this limitation, it has useful properties for band gap and strain engineering of silicon-integrated optoelectronic and microelectronic semiconductor devices.