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Enamel-dentin fracture A fracture is confined to enamel and dentin with loss of tooth structure, but exposing the pulp; Not tender upon percussion test; If tenderness is observed, evaluate the tooth for possible luxation or root fracture injury; Normal mobility; Sensibility pulp test is usually positive; Enamel-dentin loss is visible
The dentino-enamel junction (DEJ) is an intricate biomechanical interface that forms the boundary between the highly mineralised enamel and the collagen-rich dentin. Enamel is the hardest tissue in the human body, consisting predominantly of hydroxyapatite crystals. At the same time, dentin is a more flexible tissue with a lower mineral content ...
Tooth remineralization is the natural repair process for non-cavitated tooth lesions, [1] [2] in which calcium, phosphate and sometimes fluoride ions are deposited into crystal voids in demineralised enamel. Remineralization can contribute towards restoring strength and function within tooth structure.
Enamel rods are found in rows along the tooth, and within each row, the long axis of the enamel rod is generally perpendicular to the underlying dentin. [10] In permanent teeth, the enamel rods near the cementoenamel junction (CEJ) tilt slightly toward the root of the tooth.
Enamel hypocalcification is a defect of tooth enamel in which normal amounts of enamel are produced but are hypomineralized. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] In this defect the enamel is softer than normal. Some areas in enamel are hypocalcified: enamel spindles, enamel tufts, and enamel lamellae.
Approximately 96% of tooth enamel is composed of minerals. [44] These minerals, especially hydroxyapatite, will become soluble when exposed to acidic environments. Enamel begins to demineralize at a pH of 5.5. [45] Dentin and cementum are more susceptible to caries than enamel because they have lower mineral content. [46]
The inner enamel epithelium (IEE), a layer of cells within the developing tooth, plays a crucial role by signaling the differentiation of specialized cells called ameloblasts, [3] which then secrete the proteins and minerals that make up enamel. [4] The formation of dentin is essential for amelogenesis to occur, and a reciprocal signaling ...
The dentin in the root of a tooth forms only after the presence of Hertwig epithelial root sheath (HERS), near the cervical loop of the enamel organ. Root dentin is considered different from dentin found in the crown of the tooth (known as coronal dentin) because of the different orientation of collagen fibers, as well as the possible decrease ...