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Propranolol is a medication of the beta blocker class. [2] It is used to treat high blood pressure, a number of types of irregular heart rate, thyrotoxicosis, capillary hemangiomas, performance anxiety, and essential tremors, [2] [3] [4] as well to prevent migraine headaches, and to prevent further heart problems in those with angina or previous heart attacks. [2]
Beta blocker. Skeletal formula of propranolol, the first clinically successful beta blocker. Beta blockers, also spelled β-blockers, are a class of medications that are predominantly used to manage abnormal heart rhythms (arrhythmia), and to protect the heart from a second heart attack after a first heart attack (secondary prevention). [1]
The discovery of β-blockers reaches back to more than 100 years ago, when early investigators came up with the idea that catecholamines were binding selectively to receptor-like structures and that this was the cause of their pharmacological actions. [3] In 1948, Raymond P. Ahlquist published a seminal paper concluding his findings, that there ...
It works by blocking β 1 -adrenergic receptors in the heart, thus decreasing the heart rate and workload. [3] Atenolol was patented in 1969 and approved for medical use in 1975. [8] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. [9] It is available as a generic medication. [3]
Antihypertensive. Antihypertensives are a class of drugs that are used to treat hypertension (high blood pressure). [ 1 ] Antihypertensive therapy seeks to prevent the complications of high blood pressure, such as stroke, heart failure, kidney failure and myocardial infarction. Evidence suggests that reduction of the blood pressure by 5 mmHg ...
To induce general anesthesia, propofol is the drug used almost exclusively, having largely replaced sodium thiopental. [13]It is often administered as part of an anesthesia maintenance technique called total intravenous anesthesia, using either manually programmed infusion pumps or computer-controlled infusion pumps in a process called target controlled infusion (TCI).
The first pass effect (also known as first-pass metabolism or presystemic metabolism) is a phenomenon of drug metabolism at a specific location in the body which leads to a reduction in the concentration of the active drug before it reaches the site of action or systemic circulation. [1][2] The effect is most associated with orally administered ...
Escitalopram has a half-life of 27 to 32 hours. In other words, if you take a dose of 10mg of Lexapro, only 5mg will remain in your bloodstream after 27 to 32 hours. Suppose you’re prescribed ...