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A positive test for nitrites in the urine is called nitrituria. This test is commonly used in diagnosing urinary tract infections (UTIs). A positive nitrite test indicates that the cause of the UTI is a Gram-negative organism, most commonly Escherichia coli. The reason for nitrites' existence in the presence of a UTI is due to a bacterial ...
Nitric oxide (nitrogen monoxide) is a molecule and chemical compound with chemical formula of N O. In mammals including humans, nitric oxide is a signaling molecule involved in several physiological and pathological processes. [1] It is a powerful vasodilator with a half-life of a few seconds in the blood.
Nitrovasodilator. A nitrovasodilator is a pharmaceutical agent that causes vasodilation (widening of blood vessels) by donation of nitric oxide (NO), [1] and is mostly used for the treatment and prevention of angina pectoris. This group of drugs includes nitrates (esters of nitric acid), which are reduced to NO in the body, as well as some ...
Renal angina is a clinical methodology to risk stratify patients for the development of persistent and severe acute kidney injury (AKI). [ 1] The composite of risk factors and early signs of injury for AKI, renal angina is used as a clinical adjunct to help optimize the use of novel AKI biomarker testing.
The CCS grading system for angina is a clinical tool used by doctors to assess the degree of severity of a patient's angina. Whilst there are no defined therapy guidelines specific for each class, once the severity of the angina has been assessed, clinicians can use the framework to aid them in the development of an individual treatment plan.
A urine test strip or dipstick is a basic diagnostic tool used to determine pathological changes in a patient's urine in standard urinalysis. [1] A standard urine test strip may comprise up to 10 different chemical pads or reagents which react (change color) when immersed in, and then removed from, a urine sample.
Isosorbide mononitrate, sold under many brand names, is a medication used for heart-related chest pain (angina), heart failure and esophageal spasms. [2] It can be used both to treat and to prevent heart-related chest pain; however, it is generally less preferred than beta blockers or calcium channel blockers. [2] It is taken by mouth.
Antianginal. An antianginal is a drug used in the treatment of angina pectoris, a symptom of ischaemic heart disease. Myocardial ischemia arises from the dysfunction of coronary macrovascular or microvascular components, leading to a compromised supply of oxygen and nutrients to the myocardium. The underlying pathophysiological mechanisms ...