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Forced labour and slavery. Coolie (also spelled koelie, kuli, khuli, khulie, cooli, cooly, or quli) is a pejorative term used for low-wage labourers, typically those of Indian or Chinese descent. [1][2][3] The word coolie was first used in the 16th century by European traders across Asia. By the 18th century, the term referred to migrant Indian ...
On February 19, 1862, the 37th United States Congress passed An Act to Prohibit the "Coolie Trade" by American Citizens in American Vessels. [1] The act, which would be called the Anti-Coolie Act of 1862 in short, was passed by the California State Legislature in an attempt to appease rising anger among white laborers about salary competition created by the influx of Chinese immigrants at the ...
The importation of Chinese labor to the South did not happen overnight. In February 1866, R.S. Chilton , the commissioner of U.S. immigration argued in his report to Congress that under the 1862 act prohibiting coolie trade , importation of Chinese labor to the South should be prohibited and southerners should instead work out contracts with ...
Credit-ticket system. The credit-ticket system was a form of emigration prevalent in the mid to late nineteenth century, in which brokers advanced the cost of the passage to workers and retained control over their services until they repaid their debt in full. [1] It generally refers to the immigration of Chinese to California, but migrants to ...
This was the first sizeable transport of coolie labour into Australia and Mackay leased most of them out as shepherds to work at John Lord's Underbank land-holding just north of Dungog. [2] The contracts included a 5 or 6 year term of indenture with food, clothing, pay and shelter to be provided, but many absconded, due to reasons of these ...
Francis Darby Syme (1818–1871) was a Scottish businessman and creator of F D Syme & Co, and Syme, Muir & Co suppliers of cheap coolie labour, which was not far removed from slavery. He is primarily remembered for his role in the "coolie riot" or "Amoy riot" of 1852. Life Great King Street, Edinburgh Dean Cemetery - the grave of Francis Darby Syme
Indian indenture system. The Indian indenture system was a system of indentured servitude, by which more than 1.6 million workers [1] from British India were transported to labour in European colonies, as a substitute for slave labor, following the abolition of the trade in the early 19th century. The system expanded after the abolition of ...
After the journey, their life in the tea gardens was also difficult. Planters made barracks known as the Coolie line for the labourers and these were overcrowded. "Coolie" was a term used by tea garden authorities to denote labourers, and is now considered to be a derogatory term by the community.