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Methotrexate. 60% at lower doses, less at higher doses. [7] Methotrexate, formerly known as amethopterin, is a chemotherapy agent and immune-system suppressant. [4] It is used to treat cancer, autoimmune diseases, and ectopic pregnancies. [4] Types of cancers it is used for include breast cancer, leukemia, lung cancer, lymphoma, gestational ...
Yellapragada Subbarow [a] (12 January 1895 – 8 August 1948) was an Indian American biochemist who discovered the function of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) as an energy source in the cell, [1] developed methotrexate for the treatment of cancer and led the department at Lederle laboratories in which Benjamin Minge Duggar discovered chlortetracycline in 1945.
Methotrexate also indirectly inhibits purine synthesis by blocking the metabolism of folic acid (it is an inhibitor of the dihydrofolate reductase). Allopurinol is a drug that inhibits the enzyme xanthine oxidoreductase and, thus, lowers the level of uric acid in the body. This may be useful in the treatment of gout, which is a disease caused ...
Clearance (pharmacology) In pharmacology, clearance ( ) is a pharmacokinetic parameter representing the efficiency of drug elimination. This is the rate of elimination of a substance divided by its concentration. [1] The parameter also indicates the theoretical volume of plasma from which a substance would be completely removed per unit time.
30,000 (2015) [4] Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a long-term autoimmune disorder that primarily affects joints. [1] It typically results in warm, swollen, and painful joints. [1] Pain and stiffness often worsen following rest. [1] Most commonly, the wrist and hands are involved, with the same joints typically involved on both sides of the body. [1]
122,000 with interstitial lung disease (2015) [11] Sarcoidosis (/ ˌsɑːrkɔɪˈdoʊsɪs /; also known as Besnier–Boeck–Schaumann disease) is a disease involving abnormal collections of inflammatory cells that form lumps known as granulomata. [2] The disease usually begins in the lungs, skin, or lymph nodes. [2]
Elimination (pharmacology) In pharmacology, the elimination or excretion of a drug is understood to be any one of a number of processes by which a drug is eliminated (that is, cleared and excreted) from an organism either in an unaltered form (unbound molecules) or modified as a metabolite. The kidney is the main excretory organ although others ...
Polonium in the body has a biological half-life of about 30 to 50 days. Caesium in the body has a biological half-life of about one to four months. Mercury (as methylmercury) in the body has a half-life of about 65 days. Lead in the blood has a half life of 28–36 days. [29] [30] Lead in bone has a biological half-life of about ten years.