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The Children's Depression Inventory (CDI and CDI2) is a psychological assessment that rates the severity of symptoms related to depression or dysthymic disorder in children and adolescents. [1] The CDI is a 27-item scale that is self-rated and symptom-oriented. [ 1 ]
Scoring of the questionnaire works by summing the point values allocated to each question. [1] The responses and their allocated point values are as follows: "not true" = 0 points "somewhat true" = 1 point "true" = 2 points Scores on the short Mood and Feelings Questionnaire range from 0 to 26, whereas scores on the long version range from 0 to 66.
Depression in childhood and adolescence is similar to adult major depressive disorder, although young sufferers may exhibit increased irritability or behavioral discontrol instead of the more common sad, empty, or hopeless feelings that are seen with adults. [1] Children who are under stress, experiencing loss or grief, or have other underlying ...
[2] The oldest child may be dominant and conservative; The middle child may be cooperative and independent; The youngest child may be ambitious and privileged [3] With middle children being "stuck in the middle," it can become standard for the middle-born to feel unloved or have less attention on them from their parents. [2]
Current research indicates that parent-child relationships characterized by less affection and greater hostility may result in children developing emotional regulation problems. [ 28 ] [ 29 ] If the child's emotional needs are ignored or rejected, they may experience greater difficulty dealing with emotions in the future. [ 30 ]
Social emotional development represents a specific domain of child development.It is a gradual, integrative process through which children acquire the capacity to understand, experience, express, and manage emotions and to develop meaningful relationships with others. [1]
Legend: (a) mother, (b) child, (1) illusion, (2) transitional object. In human childhood development, the term transitional object is normally used. It is something, usually a physical object, which takes the place of the mother-child bond.
During the childhood development stage, individuals become capable of perceiving others as complex structures, containing both good and bad components. If the development stage is interrupted (by early childhood trauma, for example), these defense mechanisms may persist into adulthood. [citation needed]