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The country has been governed by various systems of government, including a monarchy, republic, theocracy, dictatorship, and a pro-communist state. 1709 – Mirwais Hotak establishes the Hotaki dynasty at Kandahar and declares Afghanistan (land of the Afghans) an independent state.
According to their yearly survey Freedom in the World, Afghanistan scored only 27 points in 2019 to 2021 on a 100-point scale, falling in the category of "not free countries." One major reason cited amongst scholars for the weakness of Afghanistan's democracy is the rampant corruption in the country: in a study by Transparency International ...
The Supreme Leader of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan is the head-of-state, commander-in-chief, and religious leader of Afghanistan. [4] These responsibilities include appointing and dismissing the cabinet, judiciary, armed forces general staff, [5] and provincial and municipal governments, issuing decrees, special instructions, and orders regulating the operations of those mentioned above.
Since the Taliban takeover of Afghanistan, the country has become the most repressive in the world for women and girls, deprived of many of their basic rights, the United Nations said Wednesday.
Afghanistan, [e] officially the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan, [f] is a landlocked country located at the crossroads of Central Asia and South Asia.It is bordered by Pakistan to the east and south, [g] Iran to the west, Turkmenistan to the northwest, Uzbekistan to the north, Tajikistan to the northeast, and China to the northeast and east.
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Throughout the country, members of the one party hold key political positions. [4] In doing so, the party avoids committing outright fraud and rather sustains their power at the local level with strategic appointment of elites. [7] Data on one-party regimes can be difficult to gather given their lack of transparency. [5]
The Democratic Republic of Afghanistan, [a] later known as the Republic of Afghanistan, [b] was the Afghan state between 1978 and 1992. It was bordered by Pakistan to the east and south, by Iran to the west, by the Soviet Union to the north, and by China to the northeast.