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  2. Matilda effect - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matilda_effect

    Matilda effect. The Matilda effect is a bias against acknowledging the achievements of women scientists whose work is attributed to their male colleagues. This phenomenon was first described by suffragist and abolitionist Matilda Joslyn Gage (1826–1898) in her essay, "Woman as Inventor" (first published as a tract in 1870 and in the North American Review in 1883).

  3. Glossary of biology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_biology

    This glossary of biology terms is a list of definitions of fundamental terms and concepts used in biology, the study of life and of living organisms.It is intended as introductory material for novices; for more specific and technical definitions from sub-disciplines and related fields, see Glossary of cell biology, Glossary of genetics, Glossary of evolutionary biology, Glossary of ecology ...

  4. Reinforcement (speciation) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reinforcement_(speciation)

    Reinforcement, under his definition, included prezygotic divergence and complete post-zygotic isolation. [18] Servedio and Noor include any detected increase in prezygotic isolation as reinforcement, as long as it is a response to selection against mating between two different species. [ 4 ]

  5. Maternal effect - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maternal_effect

    A maternal effect is a situation where the phenotype of an organism is determined not only by the environment it experiences and its genotype, but also by the environment and genotype of its mother. In genetics , maternal effects occur when an organism shows the phenotype expected from the genotype of the mother, irrespective of its own ...

  6. Leota Toombs - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leota_Toombs

    Leota Toombs Disney Legends plaque at Walt Disney Studios in Burbank, California. Toombs was posthumously declared a Disney Legend in 2009. [2] Her daughter, Kim Irvine, serves as the current art director at Disneyland, and has been described by the Los Angeles Times as "arguably the person most responsible for maintaining the look and feel of Disneyland."

  7. Biological interaction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_interaction

    The black walnut secretes a chemical from its roots that harms neighboring plants, an example of competitive antagonism.. In ecology, a biological interaction is the effect that a pair of organisms living together in a community have on each other.

  8. Glossary of genetics and evolutionary biology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_genetics_and...

    Also called functionalism. The Darwinian view that many or most physiological and behavioral traits of organisms are adaptations that have evolved for specific functions or for specific reasons (as opposed to being byproducts of the evolution of other traits, consequences of biological constraints, or the result of random variation). adaptive radiation The simultaneous or near-simultaneous ...

  9. Biosemiotics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biosemiotics

    Biosemiotics (from the Greek βίος bios, "life" and σημειωτικός sēmeiōtikos, "observant of signs") is a field of semiotics and biology that studies the prelinguistic meaning-making, biological interpretation processes, production of signs and codes and communication processes in the biological realm.