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Hepatectomy is the surgical resection (removal of all or part) of the liver. While the term is often employed for the removal of the liver from a liver transplant donor, this article will focus on partial resections of hepatic tissue and hepatoportoenterostomy .
The following is a non-exhaustive list of standardized tests that assess a person's language proficiency of a foreign/secondary language. Various types of such exams exist per many languages—some are organized at an international level even through national authoritative organizations, while others simply for specific limited business or study orientation.
Cambridge Assessment English or Cambridge English develops and produces Cambridge English Qualifications and the International English Language Testing System ().The organisation contributed to the development of the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR), the standard used around the world to benchmark language skills, [2] and its qualifications and tests are aligned with ...
Members include translators, interpreters, educators, project managers, web and software developers, language services companies, hospitals, universities, and government agencies. ATA offers certification examinations for its members in some language combinations [3] and is affiliated with the International Federation of Translators (FIT).
The exam has been in use since 1953, [1] but is regularly updated to ensure it reflects current research in language teaching and assessment. The ECPE is taken by school-aged and adult learners living in countries where the common language is not English. It is used as official documentary evidence of English language proficiency.
The structure of the 1966 Certificate of Proficiency in English exam was as follows: Written. Candidates must offer (a) English Language and two other papers chosen from (b), (c), or (d). No candidate may offer more than one of the alternatives in (b). a. English Language (composition and a passage or passages of English with language questions.
Accreditation and Coordination of English Language Services (ACELS). [30] International English Language Teaching organisations that recognise CELTA include: British Council; ELS Language Schools. [31] Higher education institutions that recognise and/or provide CELTA includes universities based in: Australia (e.g. University of Queensland) [32]
English Composition and Language (2 hours for a free composition on a choice of subjects and various tests on the correct use of simple English) Prescribed Texts (2 hours on Dickens, Swift, Shaw and/or the Oxford English Coursebook). By 1943, the exam included a choice between "either prescribed texts or a paper in translation from and into ...