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Polyhydramnios is a medical condition describing an excess of amniotic fluid in the amniotic sac.It is seen in about 1% of pregnancies. [1] [2] [3] It is typically diagnosed when the amniotic fluid index (AFI) is greater than 24 cm. [4] [5] There are two clinical varieties of polyhydramnios: chronic polyhydramnios where excess amniotic fluid accumulates gradually, and acute polyhydramnios ...
It is nearly always fatal unless, like short bowel syndrome patients, treated with parenteral nutrition or an intestinal transplant. [3] The patient is often classified as being in "intestinal failure" and treated with the cohort of patients known as "short bowel syndrome" patients.
Twin oligohydramnios-polyhydramnios sequence is a rare condition that may occur when twins sharing a single placenta develop significant vascular cross-connections, known as anastomoses, resulting in blood flowing away from one twin to the other. [23] This process can result in polyhydramnios in one twin and oligohydramnios in the other twin. [23]
The fetal symptoms are related to fluid retention, including ascites and polyhydramnios. [3] Fetal hydrops suggests the presence of an important and probably fatal fetal pathology . It can be associated with parvovirus B19 infection and with twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome .
A human pathogen is a pathogen (microbe or microorganism such as a virus, bacterium, prion, or fungus) that causes disease in humans.. The human physiological defense against common pathogens (such as Pneumocystis) is mainly the responsibility of the immune system with help by some of the body's normal microbiota.
A cancer cell is just a cell after all—one of the 30-plus trillion that make up the human body. In studying the science of individual cells—taking what Mukherjee calls an “atomistic ...
Bacteria, viruses, and other organisms are able to be passed from mother to child. Several vertically transmitted infections are included in the TORCH complex: [2] T – toxoplasmosis from Toxoplasma gondii; O – other infections (see below) R – rubella; C – cytomegalovirus; H – herpes simplex virus-2 or neonatal herpes simplex
Birthing-related events, lifestyle, and ethnic background have been linked to an increase in the risk of developing chorioamnionitis apart from bacterial causation. [11] Premature deliveries, ruptures of the amniotic sac membranes, prolonged labor, and primigravida childbirth are associated with this condition. [12]